Refined Opium Extract (Shireh) Poisoning: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Referral Poison Control Centre in Iran
Background: There is limited data on refined opium extract (Shireh) abuse, especially the magnitude of its complications and its mortality rates. To bridge such a gap, in this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of pure refined opium extract poisoning and its consequences in a sample of our...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology |
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| Online Access: | https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_17982_cb286a3802b6098fb03a2b5567671b50.pdf |
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| author | Marzieh Azarakhsh Mitra Rahimi Nasim Zamani Sepideh Arbabi |
| author_facet | Marzieh Azarakhsh Mitra Rahimi Nasim Zamani Sepideh Arbabi |
| author_sort | Marzieh Azarakhsh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: There is limited data on refined opium extract (Shireh) abuse, especially the magnitude of its complications and its mortality rates. To bridge such a gap, in this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of pure refined opium extract poisoning and its consequences in a sample of our patients. Methods:This retrospective study was conducted on all the patients presented to our center with pure refined opium extract poisoning. Patients’ demographics, clinical and laboratory data, and outcome were collected during a ten-year period between 2006 and 2016. The included patients were divided into two groups: those who remained conscious and those who developed loss of consciousness. However, they were compared subsequently. Results:A total of 227 patients were evaluated. Most (75.8 %) of them were male. Mean age was 38.26±25.91 years. We found a significant correlation between educational (.038), marital (<.001), and occupational status (<.001) and age-gender groups of the patients. The mean amount of refined opium extract consumed was 4400 mg which had significant correlation with hospitalization period (<.001) and on-arrival rhabdomyolysis (<.001). We also found a correlation in vomiting (<.001), dizziness (.015), respiratory distress (.001), and apnea (<.001) between the two groups. The mean hospitalization period was 2.3 days and the mortality rate was 1.76%. Conclusion: Naloxone therapy use effective in most cases of pure poisoning with refined opium extract. There were four deaths incidences three of which happened due to cardiopulmonary arrest following body packing. Further studies in this type of poisoning are recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T20:37:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e35515d91e24200bbc837c4e2a9f012 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2322-2611 2322-4320 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T20:37:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e35515d91e24200bbc837c4e2a9f0122022-12-21T20:06:29ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesAsia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology2322-26112322-43202021-04-01101121710.22038/apjmt.2021.1798217982Refined Opium Extract (Shireh) Poisoning: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Referral Poison Control Centre in IranMarzieh Azarakhsh0Mitra Rahimi1Nasim Zamani2Sepideh Arbabi3Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Tehran, IranShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Tehran, IranBackground: There is limited data on refined opium extract (Shireh) abuse, especially the magnitude of its complications and its mortality rates. To bridge such a gap, in this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of pure refined opium extract poisoning and its consequences in a sample of our patients. Methods:This retrospective study was conducted on all the patients presented to our center with pure refined opium extract poisoning. Patients’ demographics, clinical and laboratory data, and outcome were collected during a ten-year period between 2006 and 2016. The included patients were divided into two groups: those who remained conscious and those who developed loss of consciousness. However, they were compared subsequently. Results:A total of 227 patients were evaluated. Most (75.8 %) of them were male. Mean age was 38.26±25.91 years. We found a significant correlation between educational (.038), marital (<.001), and occupational status (<.001) and age-gender groups of the patients. The mean amount of refined opium extract consumed was 4400 mg which had significant correlation with hospitalization period (<.001) and on-arrival rhabdomyolysis (<.001). We also found a correlation in vomiting (<.001), dizziness (.015), respiratory distress (.001), and apnea (<.001) between the two groups. The mean hospitalization period was 2.3 days and the mortality rate was 1.76%. Conclusion: Naloxone therapy use effective in most cases of pure poisoning with refined opium extract. There were four deaths incidences three of which happened due to cardiopulmonary arrest following body packing. Further studies in this type of poisoning are recommended.https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_17982_cb286a3802b6098fb03a2b5567671b50.pdfopiumtoxicitypoisoningmortalityiran |
| spellingShingle | Marzieh Azarakhsh Mitra Rahimi Nasim Zamani Sepideh Arbabi Refined Opium Extract (Shireh) Poisoning: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Referral Poison Control Centre in Iran Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology opium toxicity poisoning mortality iran |
| title | Refined Opium Extract (Shireh) Poisoning: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Referral Poison Control Centre in Iran |
| title_full | Refined Opium Extract (Shireh) Poisoning: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Referral Poison Control Centre in Iran |
| title_fullStr | Refined Opium Extract (Shireh) Poisoning: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Referral Poison Control Centre in Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Refined Opium Extract (Shireh) Poisoning: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Referral Poison Control Centre in Iran |
| title_short | Refined Opium Extract (Shireh) Poisoning: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Referral Poison Control Centre in Iran |
| title_sort | refined opium extract shireh poisoning a 10 year retrospective study in a referral poison control centre in iran |
| topic | opium toxicity poisoning mortality iran |
| url | https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_17982_cb286a3802b6098fb03a2b5567671b50.pdf |
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