Systematic Review: Study of the Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Outpatients and Emergency Departments in the Gulf Region
Purpose: To study the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in outpatients and emergency departments in the Gulf region. To compare the appropriateness of prescriptions and antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infection.Method: The search was limited to the years 2008–2020, and article...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.585051/full |
| _version_ | 1818441628855042048 |
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| author | Rana Kamran Mahmood Rana Kamran Mahmood Syed Wasif Gillani Muhammad Waqas Saeed Muhammad Waqas Saeed Muhammad Umar Hafeez Shabaz Muhammad Gulam |
| author_facet | Rana Kamran Mahmood Rana Kamran Mahmood Syed Wasif Gillani Muhammad Waqas Saeed Muhammad Waqas Saeed Muhammad Umar Hafeez Shabaz Muhammad Gulam |
| author_sort | Rana Kamran Mahmood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: To study the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in outpatients and emergency departments in the Gulf region. To compare the appropriateness of prescriptions and antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infection.Method: The search was limited to the years 2008–2020, and articles had to be in English. Articles were searched from various resources and evaluated using PRISMA. Forty-one articles were selected and screened, and in the end, 17 articles were included in the study. All articles were selected from the gulf region of six countries: UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Yemen, and Bahrain. Only primary literature were included. Inpatient and literature from other countries outside the gulf region were excluded.Result: Penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides are highly useful antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. Ceftriaxone IV is recommended in acute respiratory tract infection if therapy with penicillin fails. Most of the antibiotic prescriptions in Gulf countries are inappropriate. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the gulf region varies from place to place and reaches a maximum of 80%. Antibiotics may be prescribed with the wrong dosage or frequency and inappropriate guidelines. Penicillins are prescribed at about 50–60%; the most common penicillins prescribed are amoxicillin and co-amoxiclave. Cephalosporins are prescribed at about 30%, and the most common are third-generation. Macrolides are prescribed at about 17–20%, and the most common macrolides are azithromycin and clarithromycin. Fluoroquinolones are prescribed at about 10–12%, of which levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are more commonly prescribed with metronidazole at 10%.Conclusion: It is suggested that the antibiotic-prescribing pattern in outpatient and emergency departments in the Gulf region are highly inappropriate and need improvement through education, following guidelines, annual vaccination, and stewardship programs; the most prescribed antibiotic is amoxicillin/co-amoxiclave, and the most often encountered infection in outpatients is acute respiratory tract infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T18:31:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e428b256c584ab988550398fe7a7641 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T18:31:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e428b256c584ab988550398fe7a76412022-12-21T22:51:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122020-12-011110.3389/fphar.2020.585051585051Systematic Review: Study of the Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Outpatients and Emergency Departments in the Gulf RegionRana Kamran Mahmood0Rana Kamran Mahmood1Syed Wasif Gillani2Muhammad Waqas Saeed3Muhammad Waqas Saeed4Muhammad Umar Hafeez5Shabaz Muhammad Gulam6College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Pharmacy, Response Plus Medical, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Pharmacy, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Pharmacy, Response Plus Medical, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesPurpose: To study the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in outpatients and emergency departments in the Gulf region. To compare the appropriateness of prescriptions and antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infection.Method: The search was limited to the years 2008–2020, and articles had to be in English. Articles were searched from various resources and evaluated using PRISMA. Forty-one articles were selected and screened, and in the end, 17 articles were included in the study. All articles were selected from the gulf region of six countries: UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Yemen, and Bahrain. Only primary literature were included. Inpatient and literature from other countries outside the gulf region were excluded.Result: Penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides are highly useful antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. Ceftriaxone IV is recommended in acute respiratory tract infection if therapy with penicillin fails. Most of the antibiotic prescriptions in Gulf countries are inappropriate. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the gulf region varies from place to place and reaches a maximum of 80%. Antibiotics may be prescribed with the wrong dosage or frequency and inappropriate guidelines. Penicillins are prescribed at about 50–60%; the most common penicillins prescribed are amoxicillin and co-amoxiclave. Cephalosporins are prescribed at about 30%, and the most common are third-generation. Macrolides are prescribed at about 17–20%, and the most common macrolides are azithromycin and clarithromycin. Fluoroquinolones are prescribed at about 10–12%, of which levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are more commonly prescribed with metronidazole at 10%.Conclusion: It is suggested that the antibiotic-prescribing pattern in outpatient and emergency departments in the Gulf region are highly inappropriate and need improvement through education, following guidelines, annual vaccination, and stewardship programs; the most prescribed antibiotic is amoxicillin/co-amoxiclave, and the most often encountered infection in outpatients is acute respiratory tract infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.585051/fullantibioticsprescribinggulf countriesoutpatientmedication |
| spellingShingle | Rana Kamran Mahmood Rana Kamran Mahmood Syed Wasif Gillani Muhammad Waqas Saeed Muhammad Waqas Saeed Muhammad Umar Hafeez Shabaz Muhammad Gulam Systematic Review: Study of the Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Outpatients and Emergency Departments in the Gulf Region Frontiers in Pharmacology antibiotics prescribing gulf countries outpatient medication |
| title | Systematic Review: Study of the Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Outpatients and Emergency Departments in the Gulf Region |
| title_full | Systematic Review: Study of the Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Outpatients and Emergency Departments in the Gulf Region |
| title_fullStr | Systematic Review: Study of the Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Outpatients and Emergency Departments in the Gulf Region |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systematic Review: Study of the Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Outpatients and Emergency Departments in the Gulf Region |
| title_short | Systematic Review: Study of the Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Outpatients and Emergency Departments in the Gulf Region |
| title_sort | systematic review study of the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in outpatients and emergency departments in the gulf region |
| topic | antibiotics prescribing gulf countries outpatient medication |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.585051/full |
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