In pursuit of ‘safe’ water: the burden of personal injury from water fetching in 21 low-income and middle-income countries
Introduction Water fetching for household needs can cause injury, but documentation of the burden of harm globally has been limited. We described the frequency, characteristics and correlates of water-fetching injuries in 24 sites in 21 low-income and middle-income countries in Asia, Africa and Lati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2020-10-01
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| Series: | BMJ Global Health |
| Online Access: | https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/10/e003328.full |
| _version_ | 1818656742845710336 |
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| author | Sabrina Rasheed Sera L Young Zeina Jamaluddine Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez Amber Wutich Ellis Adams Mallika Alexander Mobolanle Balogun Genny Carrillo Kelly Chapman Stroma Cole Hassan Eini-zinab Jorge Escobar-vargas Hala Ghattas Ashley Hagaman Kenneth Maes Jyoti Mathad Javier Moran Nasrin Omidvar Luisa Samayoa-figueroa Sonali Srivastava Chad Staddon Andrea Sullivan Yihenew Tesfaye Alex Trowell Desire Tshala-katumbay Raymond Tutu Justin Stoler Alexandra Brewis Divya Krishnakumar Jonathan Maupin Vidya Venkataramanan Jo-Anne L Geere Benjamin Thomae Paul R Hunter Jam Farooq Ahmed Michael J. Boivin Shalean M. Collins Matthew C. Freeman Monet Ghorbani Wendy E. Jepson Joshua D. Miller Milton Marin Morales Patrick M. Owuor Asher Y. Rosinger Marianne V. Santoso Roseanne C. Schuster Mahdieh Sheikhi Nathaly Triviño |
| author_facet | Sabrina Rasheed Sera L Young Zeina Jamaluddine Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez Amber Wutich Ellis Adams Mallika Alexander Mobolanle Balogun Genny Carrillo Kelly Chapman Stroma Cole Hassan Eini-zinab Jorge Escobar-vargas Hala Ghattas Ashley Hagaman Kenneth Maes Jyoti Mathad Javier Moran Nasrin Omidvar Luisa Samayoa-figueroa Sonali Srivastava Chad Staddon Andrea Sullivan Yihenew Tesfaye Alex Trowell Desire Tshala-katumbay Raymond Tutu Justin Stoler Alexandra Brewis Divya Krishnakumar Jonathan Maupin Vidya Venkataramanan Jo-Anne L Geere Benjamin Thomae Paul R Hunter Jam Farooq Ahmed Michael J. Boivin Shalean M. Collins Matthew C. Freeman Monet Ghorbani Wendy E. Jepson Joshua D. Miller Milton Marin Morales Patrick M. Owuor Asher Y. Rosinger Marianne V. Santoso Roseanne C. Schuster Mahdieh Sheikhi Nathaly Triviño |
| author_sort | Sabrina Rasheed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction Water fetching for household needs can cause injury, but documentation of the burden of harm globally has been limited. We described the frequency, characteristics and correlates of water-fetching injuries in 24 sites in 21 low-income and middle-income countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean.Methods In a survey of 6291 randomly selected households, respondents reported whether and how they had experienced water-fetching injuries. Responses were coded for injury type, mechanism, bodily location and physical context. We then identified correlates of injury using a multilevel, mixed-effects logistic regression model.Results Thirteen per cent of respondents reported at least one water-fetching injury. Of 879 injuries, fractures and dislocations were the most commonly specified type (29.2%), and falls were the most commonly specified mechanism (76.4%). Where specified, 61.1% of injuries occurred to the lower limbs, and dangerous terrain (69.4%) was the most frequently reported context. Significant correlates included being female (aOR=1.50, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.96); rural (aOR=4.80, 95% CI 2.83 to 8.15) or periurban residence (aOR=2.75, 95% CI 1.64 to 4.60); higher household water insecurity scores (aOR=1.09, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.10) and reliance on surface water (aOR=1.97, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.22) or off-premise water sources that required queueing (aOR=1.72, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.49).Conclusion These data suggest that water-fetching injuries are an underappreciated and largely unmeasured public health challenge. We offer guidelines for comprehensive data collection on injuries to better capture the true burden of inadequate water access. Such data can guide the design of interventions to reduce injury risk and promote equitable water access solutions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:30:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e49723cc2b74fbf8ce7fe10d4a417b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2059-7908 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:30:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Global Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e49723cc2b74fbf8ce7fe10d4a417b12022-12-21T22:05:16ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Global Health2059-79082020-10-0151010.1136/bmjgh-2020-003328In pursuit of ‘safe’ water: the burden of personal injury from water fetching in 21 low-income and middle-income countriesSabrina RasheedSera L Young0Zeina JamaluddineHugo Melgar-QuiñonezAmber WutichEllis AdamsMallika AlexanderMobolanle BalogunGenny CarrilloKelly ChapmanStroma ColeHassan Eini-zinabJorge Escobar-vargasHala GhattasAshley HagamanKenneth MaesJyoti MathadJavier MoranNasrin OmidvarLuisa Samayoa-figueroaSonali SrivastavaChad StaddonAndrea SullivanYihenew TesfayeAlex TrowellDesire Tshala-katumbayRaymond TutuJustin Stoler1Alexandra BrewisDivya KrishnakumarJonathan MaupinVidya Venkataramanan2Jo-Anne L Geere3Benjamin Thomae4Paul R Hunter5Jam Farooq AhmedMichael J. BoivinShalean M. CollinsMatthew C. FreemanMonet GhorbaniWendy E. JepsonJoshua D. MillerMilton Marin MoralesPatrick M. OwuorAsher Y. RosingerMarianne V. SantosoRoseanne C. SchusterMahdieh SheikhiNathaly TriviñoCenter for Water Research and Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USADepartment of Geography and Regional Studies and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USACenter for Water Research and Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USAFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKCenter for Water Research and Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USAFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKIntroduction Water fetching for household needs can cause injury, but documentation of the burden of harm globally has been limited. We described the frequency, characteristics and correlates of water-fetching injuries in 24 sites in 21 low-income and middle-income countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean.Methods In a survey of 6291 randomly selected households, respondents reported whether and how they had experienced water-fetching injuries. Responses were coded for injury type, mechanism, bodily location and physical context. We then identified correlates of injury using a multilevel, mixed-effects logistic regression model.Results Thirteen per cent of respondents reported at least one water-fetching injury. Of 879 injuries, fractures and dislocations were the most commonly specified type (29.2%), and falls were the most commonly specified mechanism (76.4%). Where specified, 61.1% of injuries occurred to the lower limbs, and dangerous terrain (69.4%) was the most frequently reported context. Significant correlates included being female (aOR=1.50, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.96); rural (aOR=4.80, 95% CI 2.83 to 8.15) or periurban residence (aOR=2.75, 95% CI 1.64 to 4.60); higher household water insecurity scores (aOR=1.09, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.10) and reliance on surface water (aOR=1.97, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.22) or off-premise water sources that required queueing (aOR=1.72, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.49).Conclusion These data suggest that water-fetching injuries are an underappreciated and largely unmeasured public health challenge. We offer guidelines for comprehensive data collection on injuries to better capture the true burden of inadequate water access. Such data can guide the design of interventions to reduce injury risk and promote equitable water access solutions.https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/10/e003328.full |
| spellingShingle | Sabrina Rasheed Sera L Young Zeina Jamaluddine Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez Amber Wutich Ellis Adams Mallika Alexander Mobolanle Balogun Genny Carrillo Kelly Chapman Stroma Cole Hassan Eini-zinab Jorge Escobar-vargas Hala Ghattas Ashley Hagaman Kenneth Maes Jyoti Mathad Javier Moran Nasrin Omidvar Luisa Samayoa-figueroa Sonali Srivastava Chad Staddon Andrea Sullivan Yihenew Tesfaye Alex Trowell Desire Tshala-katumbay Raymond Tutu Justin Stoler Alexandra Brewis Divya Krishnakumar Jonathan Maupin Vidya Venkataramanan Jo-Anne L Geere Benjamin Thomae Paul R Hunter Jam Farooq Ahmed Michael J. Boivin Shalean M. Collins Matthew C. Freeman Monet Ghorbani Wendy E. Jepson Joshua D. Miller Milton Marin Morales Patrick M. Owuor Asher Y. Rosinger Marianne V. Santoso Roseanne C. Schuster Mahdieh Sheikhi Nathaly Triviño In pursuit of ‘safe’ water: the burden of personal injury from water fetching in 21 low-income and middle-income countries BMJ Global Health |
| title | In pursuit of ‘safe’ water: the burden of personal injury from water fetching in 21 low-income and middle-income countries |
| title_full | In pursuit of ‘safe’ water: the burden of personal injury from water fetching in 21 low-income and middle-income countries |
| title_fullStr | In pursuit of ‘safe’ water: the burden of personal injury from water fetching in 21 low-income and middle-income countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | In pursuit of ‘safe’ water: the burden of personal injury from water fetching in 21 low-income and middle-income countries |
| title_short | In pursuit of ‘safe’ water: the burden of personal injury from water fetching in 21 low-income and middle-income countries |
| title_sort | in pursuit of safe water the burden of personal injury from water fetching in 21 low income and middle income countries |
| url | https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/10/e003328.full |
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