AT 2022aedm and a New Class of Luminous, Fast-cooling Transients in Elliptical Galaxies
We present the discovery and extensive follow-up of a remarkable fast-evolving optical transient, AT 2022aedm, detected by the Asteroid Terrestrial impact Last Alert Survey (ATLAS). In the ATLAS o band, AT 2022aedm exhibited a rise time of 9 ± 1 days, reaching a luminous peak with M _g ≈ −22 mag. It...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf0ba |
| _version_ | 1797728977812455424 |
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| author | M. Nicholl S. Srivastav M. D. Fulton S. Gomez M. E. Huber S. R. Oates P. Ramsden L. Rhodes S. J. Smartt K. W. Smith A. Aamer J. P. Anderson F. E. Bauer E. Berger T. de Boer K. C. Chambers P. Charalampopoulos T.-W. Chen R. P. Fender M. Fraser H. Gao D. A. Green L. Galbany B. P. Gompertz M. Gromadzki C. P. Gutiérrez D. A. Howell C. Inserra P. G. Jonker M. Kopsacheili T. B. Lowe E. A. Magnier C. McCully S. L. McGee T. Moore T. E. Müller-Bravo M. Newsome E. Padilla Gonzalez C. Pellegrino T. Pessi M. Pursiainen A. Rest E. J. Ridley B. J. Shappee X. Sheng G. P. Smith G. Terreran M. A. Tucker J. Vinkó R. J. Wainscoat P. Wiseman D. R. Young |
| author_facet | M. Nicholl S. Srivastav M. D. Fulton S. Gomez M. E. Huber S. R. Oates P. Ramsden L. Rhodes S. J. Smartt K. W. Smith A. Aamer J. P. Anderson F. E. Bauer E. Berger T. de Boer K. C. Chambers P. Charalampopoulos T.-W. Chen R. P. Fender M. Fraser H. Gao D. A. Green L. Galbany B. P. Gompertz M. Gromadzki C. P. Gutiérrez D. A. Howell C. Inserra P. G. Jonker M. Kopsacheili T. B. Lowe E. A. Magnier C. McCully S. L. McGee T. Moore T. E. Müller-Bravo M. Newsome E. Padilla Gonzalez C. Pellegrino T. Pessi M. Pursiainen A. Rest E. J. Ridley B. J. Shappee X. Sheng G. P. Smith G. Terreran M. A. Tucker J. Vinkó R. J. Wainscoat P. Wiseman D. R. Young |
| author_sort | M. Nicholl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present the discovery and extensive follow-up of a remarkable fast-evolving optical transient, AT 2022aedm, detected by the Asteroid Terrestrial impact Last Alert Survey (ATLAS). In the ATLAS o band, AT 2022aedm exhibited a rise time of 9 ± 1 days, reaching a luminous peak with M _g ≈ −22 mag. It faded by 2 mag in the g band during the next 15 days. These timescales are consistent with other rapidly evolving transients, though the luminosity is extreme. Most surprisingly, the host galaxy is a massive elliptical with negligible current star formation. Radio and X-ray observations rule out a relativistic AT 2018cow–like explosion. A spectrum in the first few days after explosion showed short-lived He ii emission resembling young core-collapse supernovae, but obvious broad supernova features never developed; later spectra showed only a fast-cooling continuum and narrow, blueshifted absorption lines, possibly arising in a wind with v ≈ 2700 km s ^−1 . We identify two further transients in the literature (Dougie in particular, as well as AT 2020bot) that share similarities in their luminosities, timescales, color evolution, and largely featureless spectra and propose that these may constitute a new class of transients: luminous fast coolers. All three events occurred in passive galaxies at offsets of ∼4–10 kpc from the nucleus, posing a challenge for progenitor models involving massive stars or black holes. The light curves and spectra appear to be consistent with shock breakout emission, though this mechanism is usually associated with core-collapse supernovae. The encounter of a star with a stellar-mass black hole may provide a promising alternative explanation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:22:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e536d8b3d6e4799b622d317b29c44e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:22:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e536d8b3d6e4799b622d317b29c44e22023-09-01T16:43:33ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019541L2810.3847/2041-8213/acf0baAT 2022aedm and a New Class of Luminous, Fast-cooling Transients in Elliptical GalaxiesM. Nicholl0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-3192S. Srivastav1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-6883M. D. Fulton2S. Gomez3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-6702M. E. Huber4S. R. Oates5P. Ramsden6https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2627-2884L. Rhodes7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-4941S. J. Smartt8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8229-1731K. W. Smith9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3199A. Aamer10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9085-8187J. P. Anderson11F. E. Bauer12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-8737E. Berger13T. de Boer14K. C. Chambers15https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-7789P. Charalampopoulos16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-6715T.-W. Chen17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-6098R. P. Fender18M. Fraser19H. Gao20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-5367D. A. Green21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3189-9998L. Galbany22https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1296-6887B. P. Gompertz23M. Gromadzki24https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1650-1518C. P. Gutiérrez25https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2375-2064D. A. Howell26C. Inserra27https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-4409P. G. Jonker28https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-0695M. Kopsacheili29T. B. Lowe30E. A. Magnier31https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-2815C. McCully32https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-7893S. L. McGee33https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-3139T. Moore34https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8385-3727T. E. Müller-Bravo35https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-7167M. Newsome36https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9570-0584E. Padilla Gonzalez37https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-9246C. Pellegrino38https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-1279T. Pessi39https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6540-0767M. Pursiainen40https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4663-4300A. Rest41https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-5387E. J. Ridley42B. J. Shappee43https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-1149X. Sheng44G. P. Smith45https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-8277G. Terreran46https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-5982M. A. Tucker47J. Vinkó48R. J. Wainscoat49P. Wiseman50https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-1512D. R. Young51https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-2499Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK ; matt.nicholl@qub.ac.ukAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK ; matt.nicholl@qub.ac.ukAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK ; matt.nicholl@qub.ac.ukSpace Telescope Science Institute (STScI) , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UKSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UKDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK ; matt.nicholl@qub.ac.uk; Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK ; matt.nicholl@qub.ac.ukAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK ; matt.nicholl@qub.ac.uk; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UKEuropean Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Astrophysics MAS , Nuncio Monsenor Sotero Sanz 100, Off. 104, Providencia, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute of Astrophysics MAS , Nuncio Monsenor Sotero Sanz 100, Off. 104, Providencia, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Campus San Joaquín, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul Santiago, 7820436, Chile; Centro de Astroingeniería, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Campus San Joaquín, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul Santiago, 7820436, ChileCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20500, FinlandTechnische Universität München , TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physik-Department, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKSchool of Physics, O’Brien Centre for Science North, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, IrelandInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAAstrophysics Group , Cavendish Laboratory, 19 J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, SpainSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UKAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, PolandInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, SpainLas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USACardiff Hub for Astrophysics Research and Technology, School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University , Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UKDepartment of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University , P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands; SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA Leiden, The NetherlandsInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, SpainInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UKAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK ; matt.nicholl@qub.ac.ukInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, SpainLas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USAInstituto de Estudios Astrofísicos , Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, ChileDTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkSpace Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UKInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK ; matt.nicholl@qub.ac.ukSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UKLas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USADepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, The Ohio State University , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH, USAKonkoly Observatory, CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence , Konkoly Thege M. út 15-17, Budapest, 1121, Hungary; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117 Hungary; Department of Experimental Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary; Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UKAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK ; matt.nicholl@qub.ac.ukWe present the discovery and extensive follow-up of a remarkable fast-evolving optical transient, AT 2022aedm, detected by the Asteroid Terrestrial impact Last Alert Survey (ATLAS). In the ATLAS o band, AT 2022aedm exhibited a rise time of 9 ± 1 days, reaching a luminous peak with M _g ≈ −22 mag. It faded by 2 mag in the g band during the next 15 days. These timescales are consistent with other rapidly evolving transients, though the luminosity is extreme. Most surprisingly, the host galaxy is a massive elliptical with negligible current star formation. Radio and X-ray observations rule out a relativistic AT 2018cow–like explosion. A spectrum in the first few days after explosion showed short-lived He ii emission resembling young core-collapse supernovae, but obvious broad supernova features never developed; later spectra showed only a fast-cooling continuum and narrow, blueshifted absorption lines, possibly arising in a wind with v ≈ 2700 km s ^−1 . We identify two further transients in the literature (Dougie in particular, as well as AT 2020bot) that share similarities in their luminosities, timescales, color evolution, and largely featureless spectra and propose that these may constitute a new class of transients: luminous fast coolers. All three events occurred in passive galaxies at offsets of ∼4–10 kpc from the nucleus, posing a challenge for progenitor models involving massive stars or black holes. The light curves and spectra appear to be consistent with shock breakout emission, though this mechanism is usually associated with core-collapse supernovae. The encounter of a star with a stellar-mass black hole may provide a promising alternative explanation.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf0baTransient sourcesSupernovaeTidal disruption |
| spellingShingle | M. Nicholl S. Srivastav M. D. Fulton S. Gomez M. E. Huber S. R. Oates P. Ramsden L. Rhodes S. J. Smartt K. W. Smith A. Aamer J. P. Anderson F. E. Bauer E. Berger T. de Boer K. C. Chambers P. Charalampopoulos T.-W. Chen R. P. Fender M. Fraser H. Gao D. A. Green L. Galbany B. P. Gompertz M. Gromadzki C. P. Gutiérrez D. A. Howell C. Inserra P. G. Jonker M. Kopsacheili T. B. Lowe E. A. Magnier C. McCully S. L. McGee T. Moore T. E. Müller-Bravo M. Newsome E. Padilla Gonzalez C. Pellegrino T. Pessi M. Pursiainen A. Rest E. J. Ridley B. J. Shappee X. Sheng G. P. Smith G. Terreran M. A. Tucker J. Vinkó R. J. Wainscoat P. Wiseman D. R. Young AT 2022aedm and a New Class of Luminous, Fast-cooling Transients in Elliptical Galaxies The Astrophysical Journal Letters Transient sources Supernovae Tidal disruption |
| title | AT 2022aedm and a New Class of Luminous, Fast-cooling Transients in Elliptical Galaxies |
| title_full | AT 2022aedm and a New Class of Luminous, Fast-cooling Transients in Elliptical Galaxies |
| title_fullStr | AT 2022aedm and a New Class of Luminous, Fast-cooling Transients in Elliptical Galaxies |
| title_full_unstemmed | AT 2022aedm and a New Class of Luminous, Fast-cooling Transients in Elliptical Galaxies |
| title_short | AT 2022aedm and a New Class of Luminous, Fast-cooling Transients in Elliptical Galaxies |
| title_sort | at 2022aedm and a new class of luminous fast cooling transients in elliptical galaxies |
| topic | Transient sources Supernovae Tidal disruption |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf0ba |
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