Perception, Attitude, and Confidence of Physicians About Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Prescribing Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Punjab, Pakistan
Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could experience multiple coinfections, and judicial antimicrobials, including antibiotics, is paramount to treat these coinfections. This study evaluated physicians’ perception, attitude, and confidence about antimicrobial resistance (AM...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.794453/full |
| _version_ | 1828137654411067392 |
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| author | Khezar Hayat Khezar Hayat Khezar Hayat Khezar Hayat Zia Ul Mustafa Muhammad Nabeel Ikram Muhammad Ijaz-Ul-Haq Irum Noor Muhammad Fawad Rasool Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq Anees Ur Rehman Syed Shahzad Hasan Yu Fang Yu Fang Yu Fang |
| author_facet | Khezar Hayat Khezar Hayat Khezar Hayat Khezar Hayat Zia Ul Mustafa Muhammad Nabeel Ikram Muhammad Ijaz-Ul-Haq Irum Noor Muhammad Fawad Rasool Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq Anees Ur Rehman Syed Shahzad Hasan Yu Fang Yu Fang Yu Fang |
| author_sort | Khezar Hayat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could experience multiple coinfections, and judicial antimicrobials, including antibiotics, is paramount to treat these coinfections. This study evaluated physicians’ perception, attitude, and confidence about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial prescribing in patients with COVID-19.Methods: A self-administered and validated online questionnaire comprised of six sections was disseminated among physicians working in public sector hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan, using the convenience sampling method from April to May 2021. The study also assessed the validity and reliability of the study questionnaire using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, the descriptive and inferential statistics present survey results.Results: A total of 387 physicians participated in this study. The study showed that the questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77). Most physicians (n = 221, 57.1%) believed that AMR is a considerable problem in Pakistan. Less than a quarter of respondents (n = 91, 23.5%) consulted with local antibiotic resistance data to prescribe antibiotics in COVID-19 patients. However, the respondents were confident to select a suitable antibiotic (n = 229, 59.2%). More than three-quarters of the respondents believed that advice from a senior colleague (n = 336, 86.8%), infectious disease (ID) physician (n = 315, 81.4%), and implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) could facilitate appropriate prescribing of antibiotics in COVID-19 patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that physicians with more than 10 years of experience had higher odds of consulting local guidelines for antibiotic therapy (OR, 4.71 95% CI: 1.62–13.73, p = 0.004) than physicians with less than 5 years of experience. Similar trends were found for consulting national guidelines and local resistance data to select an empiric antibiotic therapy.Conclusion: AMR-related awareness was optimal among physicians. Only a few physicians looked up local antibiotic resistance data before prescribing antibiotics to COVID-19 patients empirically. The significant approaches advised by physicians to reduce AMR risk among COVID-19 patients were the implementation of ASPs combined with advice from ID physicians. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:23:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e53a1883adc4ce9bacf69ce10fcee45 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:23:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e53a1883adc4ce9bacf69ce10fcee452022-12-22T04:09:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122022-01-011210.3389/fphar.2021.794453794453Perception, Attitude, and Confidence of Physicians About Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Prescribing Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Punjab, PakistanKhezar Hayat0Khezar Hayat1Khezar Hayat2Khezar Hayat3Zia Ul Mustafa4Muhammad Nabeel Ikram5Muhammad Ijaz-Ul-Haq6Irum Noor7Muhammad Fawad Rasool8Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq9Anees Ur Rehman10Syed Shahzad Hasan11Yu Fang12Yu Fang13Yu Fang14Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, PakistanCenter for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaShaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy Services, District Headquarter (DHQ) Hospital, Pakpattan, PakistanDepartment of Surgery, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, PakistanHamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Pathology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan0Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan1Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United KingdomDepartment of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaCenter for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaShaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, ChinaBackground: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could experience multiple coinfections, and judicial antimicrobials, including antibiotics, is paramount to treat these coinfections. This study evaluated physicians’ perception, attitude, and confidence about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial prescribing in patients with COVID-19.Methods: A self-administered and validated online questionnaire comprised of six sections was disseminated among physicians working in public sector hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan, using the convenience sampling method from April to May 2021. The study also assessed the validity and reliability of the study questionnaire using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, the descriptive and inferential statistics present survey results.Results: A total of 387 physicians participated in this study. The study showed that the questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77). Most physicians (n = 221, 57.1%) believed that AMR is a considerable problem in Pakistan. Less than a quarter of respondents (n = 91, 23.5%) consulted with local antibiotic resistance data to prescribe antibiotics in COVID-19 patients. However, the respondents were confident to select a suitable antibiotic (n = 229, 59.2%). More than three-quarters of the respondents believed that advice from a senior colleague (n = 336, 86.8%), infectious disease (ID) physician (n = 315, 81.4%), and implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) could facilitate appropriate prescribing of antibiotics in COVID-19 patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that physicians with more than 10 years of experience had higher odds of consulting local guidelines for antibiotic therapy (OR, 4.71 95% CI: 1.62–13.73, p = 0.004) than physicians with less than 5 years of experience. Similar trends were found for consulting national guidelines and local resistance data to select an empiric antibiotic therapy.Conclusion: AMR-related awareness was optimal among physicians. Only a few physicians looked up local antibiotic resistance data before prescribing antibiotics to COVID-19 patients empirically. The significant approaches advised by physicians to reduce AMR risk among COVID-19 patients were the implementation of ASPs combined with advice from ID physicians.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.794453/fullantimicrobial resistanceCOVID-19coronavirusantibioticsphysicians |
| spellingShingle | Khezar Hayat Khezar Hayat Khezar Hayat Khezar Hayat Zia Ul Mustafa Muhammad Nabeel Ikram Muhammad Ijaz-Ul-Haq Irum Noor Muhammad Fawad Rasool Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq Anees Ur Rehman Syed Shahzad Hasan Yu Fang Yu Fang Yu Fang Perception, Attitude, and Confidence of Physicians About Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Prescribing Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Punjab, Pakistan Frontiers in Pharmacology antimicrobial resistance COVID-19 coronavirus antibiotics physicians |
| title | Perception, Attitude, and Confidence of Physicians About Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Prescribing Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Punjab, Pakistan |
| title_full | Perception, Attitude, and Confidence of Physicians About Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Prescribing Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Punjab, Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Perception, Attitude, and Confidence of Physicians About Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Prescribing Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Punjab, Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perception, Attitude, and Confidence of Physicians About Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Prescribing Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Punjab, Pakistan |
| title_short | Perception, Attitude, and Confidence of Physicians About Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Prescribing Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Punjab, Pakistan |
| title_sort | perception attitude and confidence of physicians about antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial prescribing among covid 19 patients a cross sectional study from punjab pakistan |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance COVID-19 coronavirus antibiotics physicians |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.794453/full |
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