OpenMetBuoy-v2021: An Easy-to-Build, Affordable, Customizable, Open-Source Instrument for Oceanographic Measurements of Drift and Waves in Sea Ice and the Open Ocean
There is a wide consensus within the polar science, meteorology, and oceanography communities that more in situ observations of the ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice are required to further improve operational forecasting model skills. Traditionally, the volume of such measurements has been limited by...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Geosciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/12/3/110 |
| _version_ | 1797471369185722368 |
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| author | Jean Rabault Takehiko Nose Gaute Hope Malte Müller Øyvind Breivik Joey Voermans Lars Robert Hole Patrik Bohlinger Takuji Waseda Tsubasa Kodaira Tomotaka Katsuno Mark Johnson Graig Sutherland Malin Johansson Kai Haakon Christensen Adam Garbo Atle Jensen Olav Gundersen Aleksey Marchenko Alexander Babanin |
| author_facet | Jean Rabault Takehiko Nose Gaute Hope Malte Müller Øyvind Breivik Joey Voermans Lars Robert Hole Patrik Bohlinger Takuji Waseda Tsubasa Kodaira Tomotaka Katsuno Mark Johnson Graig Sutherland Malin Johansson Kai Haakon Christensen Adam Garbo Atle Jensen Olav Gundersen Aleksey Marchenko Alexander Babanin |
| author_sort | Jean Rabault |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is a wide consensus within the polar science, meteorology, and oceanography communities that more in situ observations of the ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice are required to further improve operational forecasting model skills. Traditionally, the volume of such measurements has been limited by the high cost of commercially available instruments. An increasingly attractive solution to this cost issue is to use instruments produced in-house from open-source hardware, firmware, and postprocessing building blocks. In the present work, we release the next iteration of our open-source drifter and wave-monitoring instrument, which follows these solution aspects. The new design is significantly less expensive (typically by a factor of 5 compared with our previous, already cost-effective instrument), much easier to build and assemble for people without specific microelectronics and programming competence, more easily extendable and customizable, and two orders of magnitude more power-efficient (to the point where solar panels are no longer needed even for long-term deployments). Improving performance and reducing noise levels and costs compared with our previous generation of instruments is possible in large part thanks to progress from the electronics component industry. As a result, we believe that this will allow scientists in geosciences to increase by an order of magnitude the amount of in situ data they can collect under a constant instrumentation budget. In the following, we offer (1) a detailed overview of our hardware and software solution, (2) in situ validation and benchmarking of our instrument, (3) a fully open-source release of both hardware and software blueprints. We hope that this work, and the associated open-source release, will be a milestone that will allow our scientific fields to transition towards open-source, community-driven instrumentation. We believe that this could have a considerable impact on many fields by making in situ instrumentation at least an order of magnitude less expensive and more customizable than it has been for the last 50 years, marking the start of a new paradigm in oceanography and polar science, where instrumentation is an inexpensive commodity and in situ data are easier and less expensive to collect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:47:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e547ee8330648ac86890c5f8ccfd405 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3263 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:47:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e547ee8330648ac86890c5f8ccfd4052023-11-24T01:20:24ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632022-02-0112311010.3390/geosciences12030110OpenMetBuoy-v2021: An Easy-to-Build, Affordable, Customizable, Open-Source Instrument for Oceanographic Measurements of Drift and Waves in Sea Ice and the Open OceanJean Rabault0Takehiko Nose1Gaute Hope2Malte Müller3Øyvind Breivik4Joey Voermans5Lars Robert Hole6Patrik Bohlinger7Takuji Waseda8Tsubasa Kodaira9Tomotaka Katsuno10Mark Johnson11Graig Sutherland12Malin Johansson13Kai Haakon Christensen14Adam Garbo15Atle Jensen16Olav Gundersen17Aleksey Marchenko18Alexander Babanin19Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, NorwayGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, JapanNorwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, NorwayNorwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, NorwayNorwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, AustraliaNorwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, NorwayNorwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, NorwayGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, JapanGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, JapanGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, JapanCollege of Fisheries and Ocean Science, The University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USAEnvironment Climate Change Canada, Environmental Numerical Prediction Research, Dorval, QC H9P 1J3, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, NorwayNorwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, NorwayWater and Ice Research Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaDepartment of Mathematics, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Mathematics, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Arctic Technology, The University Center in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, NorwayDepartment of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, AustraliaThere is a wide consensus within the polar science, meteorology, and oceanography communities that more in situ observations of the ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice are required to further improve operational forecasting model skills. Traditionally, the volume of such measurements has been limited by the high cost of commercially available instruments. An increasingly attractive solution to this cost issue is to use instruments produced in-house from open-source hardware, firmware, and postprocessing building blocks. In the present work, we release the next iteration of our open-source drifter and wave-monitoring instrument, which follows these solution aspects. The new design is significantly less expensive (typically by a factor of 5 compared with our previous, already cost-effective instrument), much easier to build and assemble for people without specific microelectronics and programming competence, more easily extendable and customizable, and two orders of magnitude more power-efficient (to the point where solar panels are no longer needed even for long-term deployments). Improving performance and reducing noise levels and costs compared with our previous generation of instruments is possible in large part thanks to progress from the electronics component industry. As a result, we believe that this will allow scientists in geosciences to increase by an order of magnitude the amount of in situ data they can collect under a constant instrumentation budget. In the following, we offer (1) a detailed overview of our hardware and software solution, (2) in situ validation and benchmarking of our instrument, (3) a fully open-source release of both hardware and software blueprints. We hope that this work, and the associated open-source release, will be a milestone that will allow our scientific fields to transition towards open-source, community-driven instrumentation. We believe that this could have a considerable impact on many fields by making in situ instrumentation at least an order of magnitude less expensive and more customizable than it has been for the last 50 years, marking the start of a new paradigm in oceanography and polar science, where instrumentation is an inexpensive commodity and in situ data are easier and less expensive to collect.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/12/3/110waves in iceopen sourceinstrumentationin situ measurementsoceanographywaves |
| spellingShingle | Jean Rabault Takehiko Nose Gaute Hope Malte Müller Øyvind Breivik Joey Voermans Lars Robert Hole Patrik Bohlinger Takuji Waseda Tsubasa Kodaira Tomotaka Katsuno Mark Johnson Graig Sutherland Malin Johansson Kai Haakon Christensen Adam Garbo Atle Jensen Olav Gundersen Aleksey Marchenko Alexander Babanin OpenMetBuoy-v2021: An Easy-to-Build, Affordable, Customizable, Open-Source Instrument for Oceanographic Measurements of Drift and Waves in Sea Ice and the Open Ocean Geosciences waves in ice open source instrumentation in situ measurements oceanography waves |
| title | OpenMetBuoy-v2021: An Easy-to-Build, Affordable, Customizable, Open-Source Instrument for Oceanographic Measurements of Drift and Waves in Sea Ice and the Open Ocean |
| title_full | OpenMetBuoy-v2021: An Easy-to-Build, Affordable, Customizable, Open-Source Instrument for Oceanographic Measurements of Drift and Waves in Sea Ice and the Open Ocean |
| title_fullStr | OpenMetBuoy-v2021: An Easy-to-Build, Affordable, Customizable, Open-Source Instrument for Oceanographic Measurements of Drift and Waves in Sea Ice and the Open Ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed | OpenMetBuoy-v2021: An Easy-to-Build, Affordable, Customizable, Open-Source Instrument for Oceanographic Measurements of Drift and Waves in Sea Ice and the Open Ocean |
| title_short | OpenMetBuoy-v2021: An Easy-to-Build, Affordable, Customizable, Open-Source Instrument for Oceanographic Measurements of Drift and Waves in Sea Ice and the Open Ocean |
| title_sort | openmetbuoy v2021 an easy to build affordable customizable open source instrument for oceanographic measurements of drift and waves in sea ice and the open ocean |
| topic | waves in ice open source instrumentation in situ measurements oceanography waves |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/12/3/110 |
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