Pedological formations on old mountain geomorphological surfaces of central Spain
The chemo-morphological properties of soils on ancient landforms (quarzitic pliocene alluvial fans, pleistocene terraces), namely “rañizos”, on middle-high mountains (Eastern-Central System, Iberian Peninsula, Rio Negro, Cogolludo) were investigated. Several properties were analyzed by standard proc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023110607 |
| _version_ | 1797336979022544896 |
|---|---|
| author | Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta Sandra Bravo Caridad Pérez-de-los-Reyes Jose A. Amorós Jaime Villena Francisco J. García-Navarro |
| author_facet | Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta Sandra Bravo Caridad Pérez-de-los-Reyes Jose A. Amorós Jaime Villena Francisco J. García-Navarro |
| author_sort | Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The chemo-morphological properties of soils on ancient landforms (quarzitic pliocene alluvial fans, pleistocene terraces), namely “rañizos”, on middle-high mountains (Eastern-Central System, Iberian Peninsula, Rio Negro, Cogolludo) were investigated. Several properties were analyzed by standard procedures. A detailed soil diagnostics and classification on “rañizos” were done, unlike those widely studied on “rañas” (similar landform), by identifying parallel pedogenetic processes in both formations. The genetic and geographic features of Alfisols, Ultisols and Inceptisols are closely related to the nature of their parent materials, based on quartzite and quartz conglomerates, sometimes with an arkosic matrix, red shale, polygenic gravels and pebbles. Soil features were determined by genuine soil-forming inherent lithological rock properties. Other driving factors were flat topography and enough soil formation time to allow intense pedogenesis. The main soil-forming processes were intense weathering, clay enrichment horizons with illuviation, red color caused by iron oxide dehydration and signs of pseudogleyzation processes. Such pedological formations can be considered endemisms; that is, “rare” soils and, up to a point, “relict”. The soil reaction is acid/slightly acid with low base saturation. Despite lying on mountains, soils are characterized by moderate-low organic matter content. Soil conditions and climate provide good vine production requirements despite acidity levels. A common feature of all Rio Negro soils is the presence of gravel (size up to 3–5 cm), which is evenly distributed on arable layers. The results can be used to assess vineyard soil use in a potential Pago (Protected Denomination of Origin) and to extend the database of vineyard soils from poorly studied Mediterranean continental mountain regions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:01:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e55d5e30c074c7586dc760c05fba35a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:01:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e55d5e30c074c7586dc760c05fba35a2024-02-01T06:33:49ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-01-01101e23852Pedological formations on old mountain geomorphological surfaces of central SpainRaimundo Jiménez-Ballesta0Sandra Bravo1Caridad Pérez-de-los-Reyes2Jose A. Amorós3Jaime Villena4Francisco J. García-Navarro5Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author.University of Castilla-La Mancha. High Technical School of Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, SpainUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha. High Technical School of Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, SpainUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha. High Technical School of Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, SpainUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha. High Technical School of Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, SpainUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha. High Technical School of Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, SpainThe chemo-morphological properties of soils on ancient landforms (quarzitic pliocene alluvial fans, pleistocene terraces), namely “rañizos”, on middle-high mountains (Eastern-Central System, Iberian Peninsula, Rio Negro, Cogolludo) were investigated. Several properties were analyzed by standard procedures. A detailed soil diagnostics and classification on “rañizos” were done, unlike those widely studied on “rañas” (similar landform), by identifying parallel pedogenetic processes in both formations. The genetic and geographic features of Alfisols, Ultisols and Inceptisols are closely related to the nature of their parent materials, based on quartzite and quartz conglomerates, sometimes with an arkosic matrix, red shale, polygenic gravels and pebbles. Soil features were determined by genuine soil-forming inherent lithological rock properties. Other driving factors were flat topography and enough soil formation time to allow intense pedogenesis. The main soil-forming processes were intense weathering, clay enrichment horizons with illuviation, red color caused by iron oxide dehydration and signs of pseudogleyzation processes. Such pedological formations can be considered endemisms; that is, “rare” soils and, up to a point, “relict”. The soil reaction is acid/slightly acid with low base saturation. Despite lying on mountains, soils are characterized by moderate-low organic matter content. Soil conditions and climate provide good vine production requirements despite acidity levels. A common feature of all Rio Negro soils is the presence of gravel (size up to 3–5 cm), which is evenly distributed on arable layers. The results can be used to assess vineyard soil use in a potential Pago (Protected Denomination of Origin) and to extend the database of vineyard soils from poorly studied Mediterranean continental mountain regions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023110607VineyardOld surfacesAcid soilsAlfisolsPedogenesisWeathering indices |
| spellingShingle | Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta Sandra Bravo Caridad Pérez-de-los-Reyes Jose A. Amorós Jaime Villena Francisco J. García-Navarro Pedological formations on old mountain geomorphological surfaces of central Spain Heliyon Vineyard Old surfaces Acid soils Alfisols Pedogenesis Weathering indices |
| title | Pedological formations on old mountain geomorphological surfaces of central Spain |
| title_full | Pedological formations on old mountain geomorphological surfaces of central Spain |
| title_fullStr | Pedological formations on old mountain geomorphological surfaces of central Spain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pedological formations on old mountain geomorphological surfaces of central Spain |
| title_short | Pedological formations on old mountain geomorphological surfaces of central Spain |
| title_sort | pedological formations on old mountain geomorphological surfaces of central spain |
| topic | Vineyard Old surfaces Acid soils Alfisols Pedogenesis Weathering indices |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023110607 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT raimundojimenezballesta pedologicalformationsonoldmountaingeomorphologicalsurfacesofcentralspain AT sandrabravo pedologicalformationsonoldmountaingeomorphologicalsurfacesofcentralspain AT caridadperezdelosreyes pedologicalformationsonoldmountaingeomorphologicalsurfacesofcentralspain AT joseaamoros pedologicalformationsonoldmountaingeomorphologicalsurfacesofcentralspain AT jaimevillena pedologicalformationsonoldmountaingeomorphologicalsurfacesofcentralspain AT franciscojgarcianavarro pedologicalformationsonoldmountaingeomorphologicalsurfacesofcentralspain |