A community-based study of dental fluorosis in rural children (6–12 years) from an aspirational district in Karnataka, India
ObjectivesThe present study was planned to estimate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 6–12 years of children and its association with various drinking water sources, water, and urine fluoride levels among the subset of children under the umbrella of a larger study to address iodine deficiency di...
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| Materialtyp: | Artikel |
| Språk: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Serie: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Länkar: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1110777/full |
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| author | U. Venkateswara Prasad Phaniraj Vastrad Chandan N. Manish J. Barvaliya Rahul Kirte Rahul Kirte Sabarinath R. Suman K. Ray Ravichandran B. Tapas Chakma Manoj V. Murhekar Subarna Roy Subarna Roy Subarna Roy |
| author_facet | U. Venkateswara Prasad Phaniraj Vastrad Chandan N. Manish J. Barvaliya Rahul Kirte Rahul Kirte Sabarinath R. Suman K. Ray Ravichandran B. Tapas Chakma Manoj V. Murhekar Subarna Roy Subarna Roy Subarna Roy |
| author_sort | U. Venkateswara Prasad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectivesThe present study was planned to estimate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 6–12 years of children and its association with various drinking water sources, water, and urine fluoride levels among the subset of children under the umbrella of a larger study to address iodine deficiency disorders and iron deficiency anemia in 17 villages of Manvi and Devadurga talukas of Raichur district of Karnataka.MethodsAnalysis of subset of data and urine samples of children under the umbrella of a larger cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in 17 villages of Manvi and Devadurga taluks of Raichur district. House to house survey was carried out to collect data using a semi-structured questionnaire in ODK software. Demographic details, source of drinking water, clinical assessment of dental fluorosis, and height and weight measurements were performed by trained staff. Urine and water samples were collected for fluoride level estimation. The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis and its severity-wise prevalence were estimated. Association between dental fluorosis and age, gender, type of diet, source of drinking water, height for age, BMI for age, water fluoride level, and urine fluoride level were carried out using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of dental fluorosis was 46.0%. Mild, moderate, and severe dental fluorosis was found in 37.9, 7.8, and 0.3% of children. With the increasing age of participants, the odds of dental fluorosis were found to increase by 2–4 folds. The odds of having dental fluorosis were significantly increased with increasing water fluoride levels of 3 to 5 ppm [AOR = 3.147 (1.585–6.248); P = 0.001] in comparison with water fluoride levels of < 1 ppm. The similar trend was found with urine fluoride level > 4 ppm [AOR = 3.607 (1.861–6.990); P < 0.001]. As compared to river water, other sources of drinking water were significantly associated with higher odds of dental fluorosis.ConclusionsPrevalence of dental fluorosis was high in 6 to 12 years due to overexposure of fluoride from drinking water. High water and urine fluoride levels in children indicate the chronic exposure to fluoride and suggest that the population is at high risk of developing chronic fluorosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:20:16Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:20:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e6be028c4b14d60b1f39e669c72cab02023-03-16T04:48:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-03-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.11107771110777A community-based study of dental fluorosis in rural children (6–12 years) from an aspirational district in Karnataka, IndiaU. Venkateswara Prasad0Phaniraj Vastrad1Chandan N.2Manish J. Barvaliya3Rahul Kirte4Rahul Kirte5Sabarinath R.6Suman K. Ray7Ravichandran B.8Tapas Chakma9Manoj V. Murhekar10Subarna Roy11Subarna Roy12Subarna Roy13Model Rural Health Research Unit, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Sirwar, Raichur, Karnataka, IndiaModel Rural Health Research Unit, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Sirwar, Raichur, Karnataka, IndiaNational Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Belagavi, Karnataka, IndiaNational Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Belagavi, Karnataka, IndiaModel Rural Health Research Unit, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Sirwar, Raichur, Karnataka, IndiaRaichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, IndiaNational Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaNational Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Belagavi, Karnataka, IndiaRegional Occupational Health Center, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaNational Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Jabalpur, IndiaNational Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaModel Rural Health Research Unit, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Sirwar, Raichur, Karnataka, IndiaNational Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Belagavi, Karnataka, IndiaNational Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaObjectivesThe present study was planned to estimate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 6–12 years of children and its association with various drinking water sources, water, and urine fluoride levels among the subset of children under the umbrella of a larger study to address iodine deficiency disorders and iron deficiency anemia in 17 villages of Manvi and Devadurga talukas of Raichur district of Karnataka.MethodsAnalysis of subset of data and urine samples of children under the umbrella of a larger cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in 17 villages of Manvi and Devadurga taluks of Raichur district. House to house survey was carried out to collect data using a semi-structured questionnaire in ODK software. Demographic details, source of drinking water, clinical assessment of dental fluorosis, and height and weight measurements were performed by trained staff. Urine and water samples were collected for fluoride level estimation. The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis and its severity-wise prevalence were estimated. Association between dental fluorosis and age, gender, type of diet, source of drinking water, height for age, BMI for age, water fluoride level, and urine fluoride level were carried out using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of dental fluorosis was 46.0%. Mild, moderate, and severe dental fluorosis was found in 37.9, 7.8, and 0.3% of children. With the increasing age of participants, the odds of dental fluorosis were found to increase by 2–4 folds. The odds of having dental fluorosis were significantly increased with increasing water fluoride levels of 3 to 5 ppm [AOR = 3.147 (1.585–6.248); P = 0.001] in comparison with water fluoride levels of < 1 ppm. The similar trend was found with urine fluoride level > 4 ppm [AOR = 3.607 (1.861–6.990); P < 0.001]. As compared to river water, other sources of drinking water were significantly associated with higher odds of dental fluorosis.ConclusionsPrevalence of dental fluorosis was high in 6 to 12 years due to overexposure of fluoride from drinking water. High water and urine fluoride levels in children indicate the chronic exposure to fluoride and suggest that the population is at high risk of developing chronic fluorosis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1110777/fulldental fluorosisfluoride leveldrinking wateroral healthschool-going children |
| spellingShingle | U. Venkateswara Prasad Phaniraj Vastrad Chandan N. Manish J. Barvaliya Rahul Kirte Rahul Kirte Sabarinath R. Suman K. Ray Ravichandran B. Tapas Chakma Manoj V. Murhekar Subarna Roy Subarna Roy Subarna Roy A community-based study of dental fluorosis in rural children (6–12 years) from an aspirational district in Karnataka, India Frontiers in Public Health dental fluorosis fluoride level drinking water oral health school-going children |
| title | A community-based study of dental fluorosis in rural children (6–12 years) from an aspirational district in Karnataka, India |
| title_full | A community-based study of dental fluorosis in rural children (6–12 years) from an aspirational district in Karnataka, India |
| title_fullStr | A community-based study of dental fluorosis in rural children (6–12 years) from an aspirational district in Karnataka, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | A community-based study of dental fluorosis in rural children (6–12 years) from an aspirational district in Karnataka, India |
| title_short | A community-based study of dental fluorosis in rural children (6–12 years) from an aspirational district in Karnataka, India |
| title_sort | community based study of dental fluorosis in rural children 6 12 years from an aspirational district in karnataka india |
| topic | dental fluorosis fluoride level drinking water oral health school-going children |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1110777/full |
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