Association of Metabolic Syndrome with COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is reportedly a crucial risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the epidemiological studies that examine this association are few and include small samples, we investigated the relationship between MetS and COVID-19 severity and death using a l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Diabetes Association
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Diabetes & Metabolism Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://e-dmj.org/upload/pdf/dmj-2021-0105.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818232797387554816 |
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| author | Woo-Hwi Jeon Jeong-Yeon Seon So-Youn Park In-Hwan Oh |
| author_facet | Woo-Hwi Jeon Jeong-Yeon Seon So-Youn Park In-Hwan Oh |
| author_sort | Woo-Hwi Jeon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is reportedly a crucial risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the epidemiological studies that examine this association are few and include small samples, we investigated the relationship between MetS and COVID-19 severity and death using a larger sample in the Republic of Korea. Methods We analyzed 66,321 patients, 4,066 of whom had COVID-19. We used chi-square tests to examine patients’ characteristics. We performed logistic regression analysis to analyze differences in COVID-19 infection and clinical outcomes according to the presence of MetS. Results Although MetS was not significantly associated with COVID-19 risk, acquiring MetS was significantly associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 2.91; P=0.001). The mortality risk was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with MetS (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.59; P=0.006). Patients with abnormal waist circumference were approximately 2.07 times more likely to develop severe COVID-19 (P<0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly associated with COVID-19; the mortality risk due to COVID-19 was 1.74 times higher in men with an HDL-C level of <40 mg/dL and in women with an HDL-C level of <50 mg/dL (P=0.012). Conclusion COVID-19 is likely associated with severity and death in patients with MetS or in patients with MetS risk factors. Therefore, patients with MetS or those with abnormal waist circumference and HDL-C levels need to be treated with caution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T11:12:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e8349e9e01e41cb8fb5a5e9aff17c15 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2233-6079 2233-6087 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T11:12:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Korean Diabetes Association |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diabetes & Metabolism Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e8349e9e01e41cb8fb5a5e9aff17c152022-12-22T00:26:17ZengKorean Diabetes AssociationDiabetes & Metabolism Journal2233-60792233-60872022-05-0146342743810.4093/dmj.2021.01052612Association of Metabolic Syndrome with COVID-19 in the Republic of KoreaWoo-Hwi Jeon0Jeong-Yeon Seon1So-Youn Park2In-Hwan Oh3 Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea Department of Medical Education and Humanities, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaBackground Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is reportedly a crucial risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the epidemiological studies that examine this association are few and include small samples, we investigated the relationship between MetS and COVID-19 severity and death using a larger sample in the Republic of Korea. Methods We analyzed 66,321 patients, 4,066 of whom had COVID-19. We used chi-square tests to examine patients’ characteristics. We performed logistic regression analysis to analyze differences in COVID-19 infection and clinical outcomes according to the presence of MetS. Results Although MetS was not significantly associated with COVID-19 risk, acquiring MetS was significantly associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 2.91; P=0.001). The mortality risk was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with MetS (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.59; P=0.006). Patients with abnormal waist circumference were approximately 2.07 times more likely to develop severe COVID-19 (P<0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly associated with COVID-19; the mortality risk due to COVID-19 was 1.74 times higher in men with an HDL-C level of <40 mg/dL and in women with an HDL-C level of <50 mg/dL (P=0.012). Conclusion COVID-19 is likely associated with severity and death in patients with MetS or in patients with MetS risk factors. Therefore, patients with MetS or those with abnormal waist circumference and HDL-C levels need to be treated with caution.http://e-dmj.org/upload/pdf/dmj-2021-0105.pdfcovid-19metabolic syndromerisk factors |
| spellingShingle | Woo-Hwi Jeon Jeong-Yeon Seon So-Youn Park In-Hwan Oh Association of Metabolic Syndrome with COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea Diabetes & Metabolism Journal covid-19 metabolic syndrome risk factors |
| title | Association of Metabolic Syndrome with COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea |
| title_full | Association of Metabolic Syndrome with COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea |
| title_fullStr | Association of Metabolic Syndrome with COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of Metabolic Syndrome with COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea |
| title_short | Association of Metabolic Syndrome with COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea |
| title_sort | association of metabolic syndrome with covid 19 in the republic of korea |
| topic | covid-19 metabolic syndrome risk factors |
| url | http://e-dmj.org/upload/pdf/dmj-2021-0105.pdf |
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