Mitochondrial Genomic Landscape: A Portrait of the Mitochondrial Genome 40 Years after the First Complete Sequence
Notwithstanding the initial claims of general conservation, mitochondrial genomes are a largely heterogeneous set of organellar chromosomes which displays a bewildering diversity in terms of structure, architecture, gene content, and functionality. The mitochondrial genome is typically described as...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/7/663 |
| _version_ | 1827687451406106624 |
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| author | Alessandro Formaggioni Andrea Luchetti Federico Plazzi |
| author_facet | Alessandro Formaggioni Andrea Luchetti Federico Plazzi |
| author_sort | Alessandro Formaggioni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Notwithstanding the initial claims of general conservation, mitochondrial genomes are a largely heterogeneous set of organellar chromosomes which displays a bewildering diversity in terms of structure, architecture, gene content, and functionality. The mitochondrial genome is typically described as a single chromosome, yet many examples of multipartite genomes have been found (for example, among sponges and diplonemeans); the mitochondrial genome is typically depicted as circular, yet many linear genomes are known (for example, among jellyfish, alveolates, and apicomplexans); the chromosome is normally said to be “small”, yet there is a huge variation between the smallest and the largest known genomes (found, for example, in ctenophores and vascular plants, respectively); even the gene content is highly unconserved, ranging from the 13 oxidative phosphorylation-related enzymatic subunits encoded by animal mitochondria to the wider set of mitochondrial genes found in jakobids. In the present paper, we compile and describe a large database of 27,873 mitochondrial genomes currently available in GenBank, encompassing the whole eukaryotic domain. We discuss the major features of mitochondrial molecular diversity, with special reference to nucleotide composition and compositional biases; moreover, the database is made publicly available for future analyses on the MoZoo Lab GitHub page. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:34:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e86bfd46568435b8dbe3d5a3cde4045 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:34:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e86bfd46568435b8dbe3d5a3cde40452023-11-22T04:12:46ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-07-0111766310.3390/life11070663Mitochondrial Genomic Landscape: A Portrait of the Mitochondrial Genome 40 Years after the First Complete SequenceAlessandro Formaggioni0Andrea Luchetti1Federico Plazzi2Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, BO, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, BO, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, BO, ItalyNotwithstanding the initial claims of general conservation, mitochondrial genomes are a largely heterogeneous set of organellar chromosomes which displays a bewildering diversity in terms of structure, architecture, gene content, and functionality. The mitochondrial genome is typically described as a single chromosome, yet many examples of multipartite genomes have been found (for example, among sponges and diplonemeans); the mitochondrial genome is typically depicted as circular, yet many linear genomes are known (for example, among jellyfish, alveolates, and apicomplexans); the chromosome is normally said to be “small”, yet there is a huge variation between the smallest and the largest known genomes (found, for example, in ctenophores and vascular plants, respectively); even the gene content is highly unconserved, ranging from the 13 oxidative phosphorylation-related enzymatic subunits encoded by animal mitochondria to the wider set of mitochondrial genes found in jakobids. In the present paper, we compile and describe a large database of 27,873 mitochondrial genomes currently available in GenBank, encompassing the whole eukaryotic domain. We discuss the major features of mitochondrial molecular diversity, with special reference to nucleotide composition and compositional biases; moreover, the database is made publicly available for future analyses on the MoZoo Lab GitHub page.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/7/663mitochondrial genomemtDNA architecturemtDNA structurenucleotide compositioncompositional biasstrand asymmetry |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Formaggioni Andrea Luchetti Federico Plazzi Mitochondrial Genomic Landscape: A Portrait of the Mitochondrial Genome 40 Years after the First Complete Sequence Life mitochondrial genome mtDNA architecture mtDNA structure nucleotide composition compositional bias strand asymmetry |
| title | Mitochondrial Genomic Landscape: A Portrait of the Mitochondrial Genome 40 Years after the First Complete Sequence |
| title_full | Mitochondrial Genomic Landscape: A Portrait of the Mitochondrial Genome 40 Years after the First Complete Sequence |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Genomic Landscape: A Portrait of the Mitochondrial Genome 40 Years after the First Complete Sequence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Genomic Landscape: A Portrait of the Mitochondrial Genome 40 Years after the First Complete Sequence |
| title_short | Mitochondrial Genomic Landscape: A Portrait of the Mitochondrial Genome 40 Years after the First Complete Sequence |
| title_sort | mitochondrial genomic landscape a portrait of the mitochondrial genome 40 years after the first complete sequence |
| topic | mitochondrial genome mtDNA architecture mtDNA structure nucleotide composition compositional bias strand asymmetry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/7/663 |
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