Association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and mortality: A 10-year analysis
There is inconclusive evidence of the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. To investigate the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and all-cause and cardiovascu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1053585/full |
| _version_ | 1797984284084011008 |
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| author | Yu-Jin Kwon Hye Sun Lee Goeun Park Ji-Won Lee |
| author_facet | Yu-Jin Kwon Hye Sun Lee Goeun Park Ji-Won Lee |
| author_sort | Yu-Jin Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is inconclusive evidence of the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. To investigate the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality risks. Data from 143,050 adult participants were analyzed from prospective 10-year community-based cohort analysis. Dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio at baseline were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. In Cox proportional hazards regression models, the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and their ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality was estimated using hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and their predictive ability as mortality predictors was evaluated using Harrell’s c-index. During the mean (range) 10.1 (0.2–15.9) years of follow-up, 5,436 participants died, of whom 985 died of cardiovascular causes. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking, regular exercise, total calorie intake, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), and potassium or sodium intake, respectively, sodium intake was unassociated with all-cause mortality whereas potassium intake was significantly associated inversely with all-cause (Quintile-5 vs. Quintile-1, hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval, 1.09, 0.97–1.22, and 0.79, 0.69–0.91, respectively). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the adjusted model, and similar trends were observed for cardiovascular disease mortality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:59:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e8b6a24242c473290ec02ca36160487 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:59:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e8b6a24242c473290ec02ca361604872022-12-22T04:38:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2022-11-01910.3389/fnut.2022.10535851053585Association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and mortality: A 10-year analysisYu-Jin Kwon0Hye Sun Lee1Goeun Park2Ji-Won Lee3Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Seoul, Gyeonggi, South KoreaBiostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaBiomedical Statistics Center, Samsung Medical Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaThere is inconclusive evidence of the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. To investigate the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality risks. Data from 143,050 adult participants were analyzed from prospective 10-year community-based cohort analysis. Dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio at baseline were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. In Cox proportional hazards regression models, the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and their ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality was estimated using hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and their predictive ability as mortality predictors was evaluated using Harrell’s c-index. During the mean (range) 10.1 (0.2–15.9) years of follow-up, 5,436 participants died, of whom 985 died of cardiovascular causes. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking, regular exercise, total calorie intake, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), and potassium or sodium intake, respectively, sodium intake was unassociated with all-cause mortality whereas potassium intake was significantly associated inversely with all-cause (Quintile-5 vs. Quintile-1, hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval, 1.09, 0.97–1.22, and 0.79, 0.69–0.91, respectively). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the adjusted model, and similar trends were observed for cardiovascular disease mortality.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1053585/fullsodiumpotassiumsodium-to-potassium ratiomortalitycohort study |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Jin Kwon Hye Sun Lee Goeun Park Ji-Won Lee Association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and mortality: A 10-year analysis Frontiers in Nutrition sodium potassium sodium-to-potassium ratio mortality cohort study |
| title | Association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and mortality: A 10-year analysis |
| title_full | Association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and mortality: A 10-year analysis |
| title_fullStr | Association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and mortality: A 10-year analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and mortality: A 10-year analysis |
| title_short | Association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and mortality: A 10-year analysis |
| title_sort | association between dietary sodium potassium and the sodium to potassium ratio and mortality a 10 year analysis |
| topic | sodium potassium sodium-to-potassium ratio mortality cohort study |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1053585/full |
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