Flavonoid-rich extract from Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) seed attenuated Ethanol-Induced Kidney injury in Wistar Rats
Background: Ethanol intake can cause oxidative stress, tissue inflammation, and renal damage by producing free radicals. Flavonoids are phenolic chemicals found in a range of fruits, vegetables, tea, and wine. More significantly, many flavonoids are active constituents in traditional Chinese herbal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667142523000222 |
| _version_ | 1797867261775577088 |
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| author | Sebastine Anthony Bazabang Wusa Makena Onyinoyi Bethel Onimisi Hadiza Bello Rilwan Hasiya Sule Buba Victor Kayode Jerome Ayuba Yohana |
| author_facet | Sebastine Anthony Bazabang Wusa Makena Onyinoyi Bethel Onimisi Hadiza Bello Rilwan Hasiya Sule Buba Victor Kayode Jerome Ayuba Yohana |
| author_sort | Sebastine Anthony Bazabang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Ethanol intake can cause oxidative stress, tissue inflammation, and renal damage by producing free radicals. Flavonoids are phenolic chemicals found in a range of fruits, vegetables, tea, and wine. More significantly, many flavonoids are active constituents in traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which have no adverse effects in general. However, there is a paucity of research on the therapeutic effectiveness of Citrullus lanatus seed flavonoids against renal damage. Method: The rats were split into six groups: normal, ethanol (10 ml/kg of 50% ethanol), flavonoids (100 mg/kg/day), ethanol plus low and high flavonoid dosages (ET + 100 and 200 mg/kg FCL), and ethanol plus Silymarin (ET + 100 mg/kg SLY). The levels of serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, and nitrite oxide (NO) were measured, as were oxidative stress markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Then, the kidney organ was harvested for histological study. Results: Citrullus lanatus seed flavonoids (FCL) substantially (p < 0.05) reduced ethanol-induced increases in creatinine, urea, and uric acid. When rats administered FCL were compared to untreated ethanol rats, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in CAT, SOD, and GPx levels, as well as decreased MDA. FCL significantly reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels in ethanol-treated rats. A histological examination significantly corroborated the biochemical assay result. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Citrullus lanatus seed has therapeutic potential against ethanol-induced kidney injury by lowering the rise in renal function, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress. As a result, FCL may work as a plant-based natural therapy to minimise kidney damage. As a result, in the preclinical context, FCL has the potential to minimise organ toxicity for oral therapeutic purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:38:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e8cd5e0b0ee44b79b13fb66ccd94537 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-1425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:38:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e8cd5e0b0ee44b79b13fb66ccd945372023-03-20T04:05:14ZengElsevierPharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine2667-14252023-06-017100236Flavonoid-rich extract from Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) seed attenuated Ethanol-Induced Kidney injury in Wistar RatsSebastine Anthony Bazabang0Wusa Makena1Onyinoyi Bethel Onimisi2Hadiza Bello Rilwan3Hasiya Sule Buba4Victor Kayode Jerome5Ayuba Yohana6Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, NigeriaDepartment of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Corresponding author at: Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, NigeriaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, NigeriaDepartment of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaDepartment of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, NigeriaDepartment of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaBackground: Ethanol intake can cause oxidative stress, tissue inflammation, and renal damage by producing free radicals. Flavonoids are phenolic chemicals found in a range of fruits, vegetables, tea, and wine. More significantly, many flavonoids are active constituents in traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which have no adverse effects in general. However, there is a paucity of research on the therapeutic effectiveness of Citrullus lanatus seed flavonoids against renal damage. Method: The rats were split into six groups: normal, ethanol (10 ml/kg of 50% ethanol), flavonoids (100 mg/kg/day), ethanol plus low and high flavonoid dosages (ET + 100 and 200 mg/kg FCL), and ethanol plus Silymarin (ET + 100 mg/kg SLY). The levels of serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, and nitrite oxide (NO) were measured, as were oxidative stress markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Then, the kidney organ was harvested for histological study. Results: Citrullus lanatus seed flavonoids (FCL) substantially (p < 0.05) reduced ethanol-induced increases in creatinine, urea, and uric acid. When rats administered FCL were compared to untreated ethanol rats, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in CAT, SOD, and GPx levels, as well as decreased MDA. FCL significantly reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels in ethanol-treated rats. A histological examination significantly corroborated the biochemical assay result. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Citrullus lanatus seed has therapeutic potential against ethanol-induced kidney injury by lowering the rise in renal function, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress. As a result, FCL may work as a plant-based natural therapy to minimise kidney damage. As a result, in the preclinical context, FCL has the potential to minimise organ toxicity for oral therapeutic purposes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667142523000222EthanolFlavonoid fractionKidneyInflammatory markersOxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Sebastine Anthony Bazabang Wusa Makena Onyinoyi Bethel Onimisi Hadiza Bello Rilwan Hasiya Sule Buba Victor Kayode Jerome Ayuba Yohana Flavonoid-rich extract from Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) seed attenuated Ethanol-Induced Kidney injury in Wistar Rats Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine Ethanol Flavonoid fraction Kidney Inflammatory markers Oxidative stress |
| title | Flavonoid-rich extract from Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) seed attenuated Ethanol-Induced Kidney injury in Wistar Rats |
| title_full | Flavonoid-rich extract from Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) seed attenuated Ethanol-Induced Kidney injury in Wistar Rats |
| title_fullStr | Flavonoid-rich extract from Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) seed attenuated Ethanol-Induced Kidney injury in Wistar Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flavonoid-rich extract from Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) seed attenuated Ethanol-Induced Kidney injury in Wistar Rats |
| title_short | Flavonoid-rich extract from Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) seed attenuated Ethanol-Induced Kidney injury in Wistar Rats |
| title_sort | flavonoid rich extract from citrullus lanatus watermelon seed attenuated ethanol induced kidney injury in wistar rats |
| topic | Ethanol Flavonoid fraction Kidney Inflammatory markers Oxidative stress |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667142523000222 |
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