Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants
Mutants lacking wild-type MLO (Mildew resistance Locus O) proteins show broad-spectrum resistance to the powdery mildew fungus, and dysregulated cell death control, with spontaneous cell death in response to developmental or abiotic stimuli. In order to understand the evolution and divergence patter...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Horticultural Plant Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468014121001084 |
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| author | Yongxian Tian Qigang Wang Hao Zhang Ningning Zhou Huijun Yan Hongying Jian Shubin Li Guisheng Xiang Kaixue Tang Xianqin Qiu |
| author_facet | Yongxian Tian Qigang Wang Hao Zhang Ningning Zhou Huijun Yan Hongying Jian Shubin Li Guisheng Xiang Kaixue Tang Xianqin Qiu |
| author_sort | Yongxian Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mutants lacking wild-type MLO (Mildew resistance Locus O) proteins show broad-spectrum resistance to the powdery mildew fungus, and dysregulated cell death control, with spontaneous cell death in response to developmental or abiotic stimuli. In order to understand the evolution and divergence patterns of the MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants, we analysed systematically genome-wide data from Fragaria vesca, Prunus persica, Prunus mume, Malus domestica, Pyrus bretschneideri and Rubus occidentalis based on bioinformatics methods. Using three phylogenetic methods (the neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods), we identified 117 MLO genes from 6 Rosaceae species. The results of all three phylogenetic analysis methods supported that these genes were divided into six clades. Conserved motif analysis found that only motif 2 was present in all MLO proteins and had 3 nearly invariant amino acid residues. The findings indicated that motif 2 might be shared by the MLO gene family. The structural features of these genes showed large variations in sequence length among different species, although the lengths and the numbers of exons exhibited high degrees of similarity. Selective pressure analysis showed extremely significant differences in all 6 clades, with 2, 1, and 1 site(s) under significant positive selection detected in clades III, IV, and VI, respectively. These positive selection sites were important driving forces for the promotion of the functional differentiation of the MLO genes. Functional divergence analysis showed that the significantly divergent sites were located within the domains of the MLO genes. Functional distance analysis showed that the clade V had more conservative functions and might have retained more original functions during the evolutionary process. However, clade I may have undergone extensive altered functional constraints as a specialised functional role. Moreover, the most original function of the MLO genes in Rosaceae could be related to the evolution of their resistance to powdery mildew, which then gradually evolved into functions such as the regulation of flower development, the control of root morphology, and seed evolution due to the different evolutionary rates after gene duplication. These results provide a theoretical basis for further studies of the molecular evolutionary patterns of the plant MLO gene family. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:50:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e9010ae9def41ea86814881c425ebc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2468-0141 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:50:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticultural Plant Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e9010ae9def41ea86814881c425ebc62024-04-16T12:23:40ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Horticultural Plant Journal2468-01412022-01-0181110122Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of MLO gene family in Rosaceae plantsYongxian Tian0Qigang Wang1Hao Zhang2Ningning Zhou3Huijun Yan4Hongying Jian5Shubin Li6Guisheng Xiang7Kaixue Tang8Xianqin Qiu9Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, ChinaFlower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, ChinaFlower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, ChinaFlower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, ChinaFlower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, ChinaFlower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, ChinaFlower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, ChinaFlower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, ChinaFlower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, China; Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 871 65895602.Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, China; Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 871 65895602.Mutants lacking wild-type MLO (Mildew resistance Locus O) proteins show broad-spectrum resistance to the powdery mildew fungus, and dysregulated cell death control, with spontaneous cell death in response to developmental or abiotic stimuli. In order to understand the evolution and divergence patterns of the MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants, we analysed systematically genome-wide data from Fragaria vesca, Prunus persica, Prunus mume, Malus domestica, Pyrus bretschneideri and Rubus occidentalis based on bioinformatics methods. Using three phylogenetic methods (the neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods), we identified 117 MLO genes from 6 Rosaceae species. The results of all three phylogenetic analysis methods supported that these genes were divided into six clades. Conserved motif analysis found that only motif 2 was present in all MLO proteins and had 3 nearly invariant amino acid residues. The findings indicated that motif 2 might be shared by the MLO gene family. The structural features of these genes showed large variations in sequence length among different species, although the lengths and the numbers of exons exhibited high degrees of similarity. Selective pressure analysis showed extremely significant differences in all 6 clades, with 2, 1, and 1 site(s) under significant positive selection detected in clades III, IV, and VI, respectively. These positive selection sites were important driving forces for the promotion of the functional differentiation of the MLO genes. Functional divergence analysis showed that the significantly divergent sites were located within the domains of the MLO genes. Functional distance analysis showed that the clade V had more conservative functions and might have retained more original functions during the evolutionary process. However, clade I may have undergone extensive altered functional constraints as a specialised functional role. Moreover, the most original function of the MLO genes in Rosaceae could be related to the evolution of their resistance to powdery mildew, which then gradually evolved into functions such as the regulation of flower development, the control of root morphology, and seed evolution due to the different evolutionary rates after gene duplication. These results provide a theoretical basis for further studies of the molecular evolutionary patterns of the plant MLO gene family.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468014121001084Rosaceae plantsMLO genePowdery mildew resistanceGene evolutionSelective pressureFunctional difference |
| spellingShingle | Yongxian Tian Qigang Wang Hao Zhang Ningning Zhou Huijun Yan Hongying Jian Shubin Li Guisheng Xiang Kaixue Tang Xianqin Qiu Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants Horticultural Plant Journal Rosaceae plants MLO gene Powdery mildew resistance Gene evolution Selective pressure Functional difference |
| title | Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants |
| title_full | Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants |
| title_fullStr | Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants |
| title_short | Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of MLO gene family in Rosaceae plants |
| title_sort | genome wide identification and evolutionary analysis of mlo gene family in rosaceae plants |
| topic | Rosaceae plants MLO gene Powdery mildew resistance Gene evolution Selective pressure Functional difference |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468014121001084 |
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