Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis
Global warming is impacting the growth and development of economically important but sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Using pleiotropic signaling molecules, melatonin can relieve the negative effects of high temperature by enhancing plant growth and development as well as modulatin...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/17/5116 |
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| author | Muhammad Imran Muhammad Aaqil Khan Raheem Shahzad Saqib Bilal Murtaza Khan Byung-Wook Yun Abdul Latif Khan In-Jung Lee |
| author_facet | Muhammad Imran Muhammad Aaqil Khan Raheem Shahzad Saqib Bilal Murtaza Khan Byung-Wook Yun Abdul Latif Khan In-Jung Lee |
| author_sort | Muhammad Imran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global warming is impacting the growth and development of economically important but sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Using pleiotropic signaling molecules, melatonin can relieve the negative effects of high temperature by enhancing plant growth and development as well as modulating the defense system against abiotic stresses. However, less is known about how melatonin regulates the phytohormones and polyamines during heat stress. Our results showed that high temperature significantly increased ROS and decreased photosynthesis efficiency in soybean plants. Conversely, pretreatment with melatonin increased plant growth and photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b) and reduced oxidative stress via scavenging hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and reducing the MDA and electrolyte leakage contents. The inherent stress defense responses were further strengthened by the enhanced activities of antioxidants and upregulation of the expression of ascorbate–glutathione cycle genes. Melatonin mitigates heat stress by increasing several biochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, and proline), as well as the endogenous melatonin and polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine). Furthermore, the positive effects of melatonin treatment also correlated with a reduced abscisic acid content, down-regulation of the gmNCED3, and up-regulation of catabolic genes (CYP707A1 and CYP707A2) during heat stress. Contrarily, an increase in salicylic acid and up-regulated expression of the defense-related gene PAL2 were revealed. In addition, melatonin induced the expression of heat shock protein 90 (gmHsp90) and heat shock transcription factor (gmHsfA2), suggesting promotion of ROS detoxification via the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathway. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin improves the thermotolerance of soybean plants and enhances plant growth and development by activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, interacting with plant hormones, and reprogramming the biochemical metabolism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:07:04Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:07:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e924f8618554851a4b5a8801849e7f02023-11-22T10:59:18ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-08-012617511610.3390/molecules26175116Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines BiosynthesisMuhammad Imran0Muhammad Aaqil Khan1Raheem Shahzad2Saqib Bilal3Murtaza Khan4Byung-Wook Yun5Abdul Latif Khan6In-Jung Lee7School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaSchool of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Horticulture, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, PakistanNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, OmanSchool of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaSchool of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, TX 77479, USASchool of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaGlobal warming is impacting the growth and development of economically important but sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Using pleiotropic signaling molecules, melatonin can relieve the negative effects of high temperature by enhancing plant growth and development as well as modulating the defense system against abiotic stresses. However, less is known about how melatonin regulates the phytohormones and polyamines during heat stress. Our results showed that high temperature significantly increased ROS and decreased photosynthesis efficiency in soybean plants. Conversely, pretreatment with melatonin increased plant growth and photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b) and reduced oxidative stress via scavenging hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and reducing the MDA and electrolyte leakage contents. The inherent stress defense responses were further strengthened by the enhanced activities of antioxidants and upregulation of the expression of ascorbate–glutathione cycle genes. Melatonin mitigates heat stress by increasing several biochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, and proline), as well as the endogenous melatonin and polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine). Furthermore, the positive effects of melatonin treatment also correlated with a reduced abscisic acid content, down-regulation of the gmNCED3, and up-regulation of catabolic genes (CYP707A1 and CYP707A2) during heat stress. Contrarily, an increase in salicylic acid and up-regulated expression of the defense-related gene PAL2 were revealed. In addition, melatonin induced the expression of heat shock protein 90 (gmHsp90) and heat shock transcription factor (gmHsfA2), suggesting promotion of ROS detoxification via the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathway. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin improves the thermotolerance of soybean plants and enhances plant growth and development by activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, interacting with plant hormones, and reprogramming the biochemical metabolism.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/17/5116melatoninpolyamineantioxidantabscisic acidsalicylic acidsoybean |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Imran Muhammad Aaqil Khan Raheem Shahzad Saqib Bilal Murtaza Khan Byung-Wook Yun Abdul Latif Khan In-Jung Lee Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis Molecules melatonin polyamine antioxidant abscisic acid salicylic acid soybean |
| title | Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis |
| title_full | Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis |
| title_fullStr | Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis |
| title_short | Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis |
| title_sort | melatonin ameliorates thermotolerance in soybean seedling through balancing redox homeostasis and modulating antioxidant defense phytohormones and polyamines biosynthesis |
| topic | melatonin polyamine antioxidant abscisic acid salicylic acid soybean |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/17/5116 |
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