In Vitro Neutralization of the Myotoxicity of Australian Mulga Snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) and Sri Lankan Russell’s Viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) Venoms by Australian and Indian Polyvalent Antivenoms
We studied the neutralisation of Sri Lankan Russell’s viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) and Australian mulga snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) venom-induced myotoxicity by Indian (Vins and Bharat) and Australian (Seqirus) polyvalent antivenoms, using the in vitro chick bivente...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| author | Prabhani Thakshila Wayne C. Hodgson Geoffrey K. Isbister Anjana Silva |
| author_facet | Prabhani Thakshila Wayne C. Hodgson Geoffrey K. Isbister Anjana Silva |
| author_sort | Prabhani Thakshila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We studied the neutralisation of Sri Lankan Russell’s viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) and Australian mulga snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) venom-induced myotoxicity by Indian (Vins and Bharat) and Australian (Seqirus) polyvalent antivenoms, using the in vitro chick biventer skeletal muscle preparation. Prior addition of Bharat or Vins antivenoms abolished <i>D. russelii</i> venom (30 µg/mL)-mediated inhibition of direct twitches, while Australian polyvalent antivenom was not protective. Bharat antivenom prevented, while Vins and Australian polyvalent antivenoms partially prevented, the inhibition of responses to exogenous KCl. Myotoxicity of Mulga venom (10 µg/mL) was fully neutralised by the prior addition of Australian polyvalent antivenom, partially neutralised by Vins antivenom but not by Bharat antivenom. Although the myotoxicity of both venoms was partially prevented by homologous antivenoms when added 5 min after the venom, with an increasing time delay between venom and antivenom, the reversal of myotoxicity gradually decreased. However, antivenoms partially prevented myotoxicity even 60 min after venom. The effect of antivenoms on already initiated myotoxicity was comparable to physical removal of the toxins by washing the bath at similar time points, indicating that the action of the antivenoms on myotoxicity is likely to be due to trapping the toxins or steric hindrance within the circulation, not allowing the toxins to reach target sites in muscles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:42:29Z |
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| id | doaj.art-9e93dc5980f14fc5862e5ef705ada3c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:42:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e93dc5980f14fc5862e5ef705ada3c42023-11-23T13:22:32ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-04-0114530210.3390/toxins14050302In Vitro Neutralization of the Myotoxicity of Australian Mulga Snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) and Sri Lankan Russell’s Viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) Venoms by Australian and Indian Polyvalent AntivenomsPrabhani Thakshila0Wayne C. Hodgson1Geoffrey K. Isbister2Anjana Silva3Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura 50008, Sri LankaMonash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, AustraliaSouth Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri LankaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura 50008, Sri LankaWe studied the neutralisation of Sri Lankan Russell’s viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) and Australian mulga snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) venom-induced myotoxicity by Indian (Vins and Bharat) and Australian (Seqirus) polyvalent antivenoms, using the in vitro chick biventer skeletal muscle preparation. Prior addition of Bharat or Vins antivenoms abolished <i>D. russelii</i> venom (30 µg/mL)-mediated inhibition of direct twitches, while Australian polyvalent antivenom was not protective. Bharat antivenom prevented, while Vins and Australian polyvalent antivenoms partially prevented, the inhibition of responses to exogenous KCl. Myotoxicity of Mulga venom (10 µg/mL) was fully neutralised by the prior addition of Australian polyvalent antivenom, partially neutralised by Vins antivenom but not by Bharat antivenom. Although the myotoxicity of both venoms was partially prevented by homologous antivenoms when added 5 min after the venom, with an increasing time delay between venom and antivenom, the reversal of myotoxicity gradually decreased. However, antivenoms partially prevented myotoxicity even 60 min after venom. The effect of antivenoms on already initiated myotoxicity was comparable to physical removal of the toxins by washing the bath at similar time points, indicating that the action of the antivenoms on myotoxicity is likely to be due to trapping the toxins or steric hindrance within the circulation, not allowing the toxins to reach target sites in muscles.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/5/302myotoxicityefficacyantivenom<i>Daboia russelii</i><i>Pseudechis australis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Prabhani Thakshila Wayne C. Hodgson Geoffrey K. Isbister Anjana Silva In Vitro Neutralization of the Myotoxicity of Australian Mulga Snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) and Sri Lankan Russell’s Viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) Venoms by Australian and Indian Polyvalent Antivenoms Toxins myotoxicity efficacy antivenom <i>Daboia russelii</i> <i>Pseudechis australis</i> |
| title | In Vitro Neutralization of the Myotoxicity of Australian Mulga Snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) and Sri Lankan Russell’s Viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) Venoms by Australian and Indian Polyvalent Antivenoms |
| title_full | In Vitro Neutralization of the Myotoxicity of Australian Mulga Snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) and Sri Lankan Russell’s Viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) Venoms by Australian and Indian Polyvalent Antivenoms |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Neutralization of the Myotoxicity of Australian Mulga Snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) and Sri Lankan Russell’s Viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) Venoms by Australian and Indian Polyvalent Antivenoms |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Neutralization of the Myotoxicity of Australian Mulga Snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) and Sri Lankan Russell’s Viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) Venoms by Australian and Indian Polyvalent Antivenoms |
| title_short | In Vitro Neutralization of the Myotoxicity of Australian Mulga Snake (<i>Pseudechis australis</i>) and Sri Lankan Russell’s Viper (<i>Daboia russelii</i>) Venoms by Australian and Indian Polyvalent Antivenoms |
| title_sort | in vitro neutralization of the myotoxicity of australian mulga snake i pseudechis australis i and sri lankan russell s viper i daboia russelii i venoms by australian and indian polyvalent antivenoms |
| topic | myotoxicity efficacy antivenom <i>Daboia russelii</i> <i>Pseudechis australis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/5/302 |
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