Toll-like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraine
Abstract Migraine is a complex neurological disease of unknown etiology involving both genetic and environmental factors. It has previously been reported that persistent pain may be mediated by the immune and inflammatory systems. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a significant role in immune and infl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Molecular Brain |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-022-00960-5 |
| _version_ | 1817999197036609536 |
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| author | Xuejiao Liu Wenping Yang Chenlu Zhu Songtang Sun Shouyi Wu Longde Wang Yonggang Wang Zhaoming Ge |
| author_facet | Xuejiao Liu Wenping Yang Chenlu Zhu Songtang Sun Shouyi Wu Longde Wang Yonggang Wang Zhaoming Ge |
| author_sort | Xuejiao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Migraine is a complex neurological disease of unknown etiology involving both genetic and environmental factors. It has previously been reported that persistent pain may be mediated by the immune and inflammatory systems. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a significant role in immune and inflammatory responses and are expressed by microglia and astrocytes. One of the fundamental mechanisms of the innate immune system in coordinating inflammatory signal transduction is through TLRs, which protect the host organism by initiating inflammatory signaling cascades in response to tissue damage or stress. TLRs reside at the neuroimmune interface, and accumulating evidence has suggested that the inflammatory consequences of TLR activation on glia (mainly microglia and astrocytes), sensory neurons, and other cell types can influence nociceptive processing and lead to pain. Several studies have shown that TLRs may play a key role in neuropathic pain and migraine etiology by activating the microglia. The pathogenesis of migraine may involve a TLR-mediated crosstalk between neurons and immune cells. Innate responses in the central nervous system (CNS) occur during neuroinflammatory phenomena, including migraine. Antigens found in the environment play a crucial role in the inflammatory response, causing a broad range of diseases, including migraines. These can be recognized by several innate immune cells, including macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells, and can be activated through TLR signaling. Given the prevalence of migraine and the insufficient efficacy and safety of current treatment options, a deeper understanding of TLRs is expected to provide novel therapies for managing chronic migraine. This review aimed to justify the view that TLRs may be involved in migraine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:05:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e9c93c343e74e22a5961c9484932abd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-6606 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:05:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Brain |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e9c93c343e74e22a5961c9484932abd2022-12-22T02:15:47ZengBMCMolecular Brain1756-66062022-08-011511910.1186/s13041-022-00960-5Toll-like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraineXuejiao Liu0Wenping Yang1Chenlu Zhu2Songtang Sun3Shouyi Wu4Longde Wang5Yonggang Wang6Zhaoming Ge7Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and World Organisation for Animal Health/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityExpert Workstation of Academician Wang Longde, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityHeadache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityAbstract Migraine is a complex neurological disease of unknown etiology involving both genetic and environmental factors. It has previously been reported that persistent pain may be mediated by the immune and inflammatory systems. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a significant role in immune and inflammatory responses and are expressed by microglia and astrocytes. One of the fundamental mechanisms of the innate immune system in coordinating inflammatory signal transduction is through TLRs, which protect the host organism by initiating inflammatory signaling cascades in response to tissue damage or stress. TLRs reside at the neuroimmune interface, and accumulating evidence has suggested that the inflammatory consequences of TLR activation on glia (mainly microglia and astrocytes), sensory neurons, and other cell types can influence nociceptive processing and lead to pain. Several studies have shown that TLRs may play a key role in neuropathic pain and migraine etiology by activating the microglia. The pathogenesis of migraine may involve a TLR-mediated crosstalk between neurons and immune cells. Innate responses in the central nervous system (CNS) occur during neuroinflammatory phenomena, including migraine. Antigens found in the environment play a crucial role in the inflammatory response, causing a broad range of diseases, including migraines. These can be recognized by several innate immune cells, including macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells, and can be activated through TLR signaling. Given the prevalence of migraine and the insufficient efficacy and safety of current treatment options, a deeper understanding of TLRs is expected to provide novel therapies for managing chronic migraine. This review aimed to justify the view that TLRs may be involved in migraine.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-022-00960-5MigraineTLRsMicrogliaInflammatory response |
| spellingShingle | Xuejiao Liu Wenping Yang Chenlu Zhu Songtang Sun Shouyi Wu Longde Wang Yonggang Wang Zhaoming Ge Toll-like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraine Molecular Brain Migraine TLRs Microglia Inflammatory response |
| title | Toll-like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraine |
| title_full | Toll-like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraine |
| title_fullStr | Toll-like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toll-like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraine |
| title_short | Toll-like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraine |
| title_sort | toll like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraine |
| topic | Migraine TLRs Microglia Inflammatory response |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-022-00960-5 |
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