Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max
Abstract Background Soybean (Glycine max) is an important oil provider and ecosystem participant. The protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) plays important roles in key biological processes. Molecular evolution and functional analysis of the PP2C family in soybean are yet to be reported. Results The present...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-06877-4 |
| _version_ | 1818487995088502784 |
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| author | Kai Fan Yunrui Chen Zhijun Mao Yao Fang Zhaowei Li Weiwei Lin Yongqiang Zhang Jianping Liu Jinwen Huang Wenxiong Lin |
| author_facet | Kai Fan Yunrui Chen Zhijun Mao Yao Fang Zhaowei Li Weiwei Lin Yongqiang Zhang Jianping Liu Jinwen Huang Wenxiong Lin |
| author_sort | Kai Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Soybean (Glycine max) is an important oil provider and ecosystem participant. The protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) plays important roles in key biological processes. Molecular evolution and functional analysis of the PP2C family in soybean are yet to be reported. Results The present study identified 134 GmPP2Cs with 10 subfamilies in soybean. Duplication events were prominent in the GmPP2C family, and all duplicated gene pairs were involved in the segmental duplication events. The legume-common duplication event and soybean-specific tetraploid have primarily led to expanding GmPP2C members in soybean. Sub-functionalization was the main evolutionary fate of duplicated GmPP2C members. Meanwhile, massive genes were lost in the GmPP2C family, especially from the F subfamily. Compared with other genes, the evolutionary rates were slower in the GmPP2C family. The PP2C members from the H subfamily resembled their ancestral genes. In addition, some GmPP2Cs were identified as the putative key regulator that could control plant growth and development. Conclusions A total of 134 GmPP2Cs were identified in soybean, and their expansion, molecular evolution and putative functions were comprehensively analyzed. Our findings provided the detailed information on the evolutionary history of the GmPP2C family, and the candidate genes can be used in soybean breeding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:45:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9e9ee1a9e06d4249a0131e5387aab2e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:45:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Genomics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9e9ee1a9e06d4249a0131e5387aab2e42022-12-22T01:41:05ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642020-07-0121111710.1186/s12864-020-06877-4Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine maxKai Fan0Yunrui Chen1Zhijun Mao2Yao Fang3Zhaowei Li4Weiwei Lin5Yongqiang Zhang6Jianping Liu7Jinwen Huang8Wenxiong Lin9Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityAbstract Background Soybean (Glycine max) is an important oil provider and ecosystem participant. The protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) plays important roles in key biological processes. Molecular evolution and functional analysis of the PP2C family in soybean are yet to be reported. Results The present study identified 134 GmPP2Cs with 10 subfamilies in soybean. Duplication events were prominent in the GmPP2C family, and all duplicated gene pairs were involved in the segmental duplication events. The legume-common duplication event and soybean-specific tetraploid have primarily led to expanding GmPP2C members in soybean. Sub-functionalization was the main evolutionary fate of duplicated GmPP2C members. Meanwhile, massive genes were lost in the GmPP2C family, especially from the F subfamily. Compared with other genes, the evolutionary rates were slower in the GmPP2C family. The PP2C members from the H subfamily resembled their ancestral genes. In addition, some GmPP2Cs were identified as the putative key regulator that could control plant growth and development. Conclusions A total of 134 GmPP2Cs were identified in soybean, and their expansion, molecular evolution and putative functions were comprehensively analyzed. Our findings provided the detailed information on the evolutionary history of the GmPP2C family, and the candidate genes can be used in soybean breeding.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-06877-4Protein phosphatase 2CSoybeanMolecular evolutionExpansionFunctional analysis |
| spellingShingle | Kai Fan Yunrui Chen Zhijun Mao Yao Fang Zhaowei Li Weiwei Lin Yongqiang Zhang Jianping Liu Jinwen Huang Wenxiong Lin Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max BMC Genomics Protein phosphatase 2C Soybean Molecular evolution Expansion Functional analysis |
| title | Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max |
| title_full | Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max |
| title_fullStr | Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max |
| title_short | Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max |
| title_sort | pervasive duplication biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the pp2c family in glycine max |
| topic | Protein phosphatase 2C Soybean Molecular evolution Expansion Functional analysis |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-06877-4 |
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