Characterization of the Spatial Variation of Microbial Communities in a Decentralized Subtropical Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Passive Methods
Septic tanks (STs), up-flow anaerobic filters (UAFs), and horizontal-flow constructed wetlands (HFCWs) are cost-effective wastewater treatment technologies especially efficient in tropical and sub-tropical regions. In this study, the bacterial communities within a decentralized wastewater treatment...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/9/1157 |
| _version_ | 1797536728550998016 |
|---|---|
| author | Marycarmen Verduzco Garibay Alberto Fernández del Castillo Osiris Díaz Torres José de Anda Carlos Yebra-Montes Carolina Senés-Guerrero Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández |
| author_facet | Marycarmen Verduzco Garibay Alberto Fernández del Castillo Osiris Díaz Torres José de Anda Carlos Yebra-Montes Carolina Senés-Guerrero Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández |
| author_sort | Marycarmen Verduzco Garibay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Septic tanks (STs), up-flow anaerobic filters (UAFs), and horizontal-flow constructed wetlands (HFCWs) are cost-effective wastewater treatment technologies especially efficient in tropical and sub-tropical regions. In this study, the bacterial communities within a decentralized wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) comprising a ST, a UAF, and a HFCW were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial diversity and its spatial variation were analyzed at the phylum and family level, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to nitrogen- and organic-matter-degrading families. The highest percentage of nitrogen removal was seen in the HFCW (28% of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, TKN, and 31% of NH3-N), and our results suggest that families such as Rhodocyclaceae (denitrifying bacteria), Nitrospiraceae (nitrifying bacteria), and Rhodospirillaceae (sulfur-oxidizing bacteria) contribute to such removal. The highest percentage of organic matter removal was seen in the UAF unit (40% of biological oxygen demand, BOD5, and 37% of chemical oxygen demand, COD), where organic-matter-degrading bacteria such as the Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Syntrophaceae families were identified. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that bacterial communities in the HFCW were more tolerant to physicochemical changes, while those in the ST and the UAF were highly influenced by dissolved oxygen and temperature. Also, pollutant removal pathways carried out by specific bacterial families and microbial interactions were elucidated. This study provides a detailed description of the bacterial communities present in a decentralized WWTP located in a subtropical region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:04:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ea6fe4c9c0449bb9acee2203c10d367 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:04:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ea6fe4c9c0449bb9acee2203c10d3672023-11-21T16:40:36ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-04-01139115710.3390/w13091157Characterization of the Spatial Variation of Microbial Communities in a Decentralized Subtropical Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Passive MethodsMarycarmen Verduzco Garibay0Alberto Fernández del Castillo1Osiris Díaz Torres2José de Anda3Carlos Yebra-Montes4Carolina Senés-Guerrero5Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández6Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias. Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias. Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, MexicoUnidad de Servicios Analíticos y Metrológicos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, MexicoUnidad de Tecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A. C. Av. Normalistas 800 Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, MexicoENES- León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. UNAM 2011, Predio el Saucillo y El Potrero León, Guanajuato 37684, Jalisco, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias. Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias. Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, MexicoSeptic tanks (STs), up-flow anaerobic filters (UAFs), and horizontal-flow constructed wetlands (HFCWs) are cost-effective wastewater treatment technologies especially efficient in tropical and sub-tropical regions. In this study, the bacterial communities within a decentralized wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) comprising a ST, a UAF, and a HFCW were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial diversity and its spatial variation were analyzed at the phylum and family level, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to nitrogen- and organic-matter-degrading families. The highest percentage of nitrogen removal was seen in the HFCW (28% of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, TKN, and 31% of NH3-N), and our results suggest that families such as Rhodocyclaceae (denitrifying bacteria), Nitrospiraceae (nitrifying bacteria), and Rhodospirillaceae (sulfur-oxidizing bacteria) contribute to such removal. The highest percentage of organic matter removal was seen in the UAF unit (40% of biological oxygen demand, BOD5, and 37% of chemical oxygen demand, COD), where organic-matter-degrading bacteria such as the Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Syntrophaceae families were identified. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that bacterial communities in the HFCW were more tolerant to physicochemical changes, while those in the ST and the UAF were highly influenced by dissolved oxygen and temperature. Also, pollutant removal pathways carried out by specific bacterial families and microbial interactions were elucidated. This study provides a detailed description of the bacterial communities present in a decentralized WWTP located in a subtropical region.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/9/1157high-throughput sequencingdecentralized wastewater treatment plantmicrobial community compositionspatial variationsubtropical region |
| spellingShingle | Marycarmen Verduzco Garibay Alberto Fernández del Castillo Osiris Díaz Torres José de Anda Carlos Yebra-Montes Carolina Senés-Guerrero Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández Characterization of the Spatial Variation of Microbial Communities in a Decentralized Subtropical Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Passive Methods Water high-throughput sequencing decentralized wastewater treatment plant microbial community composition spatial variation subtropical region |
| title | Characterization of the Spatial Variation of Microbial Communities in a Decentralized Subtropical Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Passive Methods |
| title_full | Characterization of the Spatial Variation of Microbial Communities in a Decentralized Subtropical Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Passive Methods |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of the Spatial Variation of Microbial Communities in a Decentralized Subtropical Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Passive Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of the Spatial Variation of Microbial Communities in a Decentralized Subtropical Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Passive Methods |
| title_short | Characterization of the Spatial Variation of Microbial Communities in a Decentralized Subtropical Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Passive Methods |
| title_sort | characterization of the spatial variation of microbial communities in a decentralized subtropical wastewater treatment plant using passive methods |
| topic | high-throughput sequencing decentralized wastewater treatment plant microbial community composition spatial variation subtropical region |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/9/1157 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marycarmenverduzcogaribay characterizationofthespatialvariationofmicrobialcommunitiesinadecentralizedsubtropicalwastewatertreatmentplantusingpassivemethods AT albertofernandezdelcastillo characterizationofthespatialvariationofmicrobialcommunitiesinadecentralizedsubtropicalwastewatertreatmentplantusingpassivemethods AT osirisdiaztorres characterizationofthespatialvariationofmicrobialcommunitiesinadecentralizedsubtropicalwastewatertreatmentplantusingpassivemethods AT josedeanda characterizationofthespatialvariationofmicrobialcommunitiesinadecentralizedsubtropicalwastewatertreatmentplantusingpassivemethods AT carlosyebramontes characterizationofthespatialvariationofmicrobialcommunitiesinadecentralizedsubtropicalwastewatertreatmentplantusingpassivemethods AT carolinasenesguerrero characterizationofthespatialvariationofmicrobialcommunitiesinadecentralizedsubtropicalwastewatertreatmentplantusingpassivemethods AT misaelsebastiangradillahernandez characterizationofthespatialvariationofmicrobialcommunitiesinadecentralizedsubtropicalwastewatertreatmentplantusingpassivemethods |