Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies
Optimizing nitrogen (N) inputs is crucial for maximizing wheat yield and ensuring environmental sustainability. Wheat’s economic significance in India calls for a comprehensive evaluation of its ecological implications to develop a resilient production system. This study aimed to identify and evalua...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/8/2011 |
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| author | Sandeep Gawdiya Dinesh Kumar Yashbir Singh Shivay Babanpreet Kour Rajesh Kumar Siyaram Meena Ravi Saini Kamal Choudhary Nadhir Al-Ansari Abed Alataway Ahmed Z. Dewidar Mohamed A. Mattar |
| author_facet | Sandeep Gawdiya Dinesh Kumar Yashbir Singh Shivay Babanpreet Kour Rajesh Kumar Siyaram Meena Ravi Saini Kamal Choudhary Nadhir Al-Ansari Abed Alataway Ahmed Z. Dewidar Mohamed A. Mattar |
| author_sort | Sandeep Gawdiya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Optimizing nitrogen (N) inputs is crucial for maximizing wheat yield and ensuring environmental sustainability. Wheat’s economic significance in India calls for a comprehensive evaluation of its ecological implications to develop a resilient production system. This study aimed to identify and evaluate ten wheat cultivars for their yield and N-use efficiency under varying nitrogen inputs (control (N<sub>0</sub>), half of the recommended nitrogen (N<sub>75</sub>), and the recommended nitrogen (N<sub>150</sub>)) using the surface application of neem-oil-coated urea. All N inputs were applied in three splits, basal, crown root initiation, and tillering stages, and an experiment was conducted in a split-plot design. The application of N<sub>150</sub> gave the highest dry matter accumulation (DMA) at harvesting stage (AHS) (871 g m<sup>−2</sup>), seed/spike (60), grain yield (GY = 7.4 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), straw yield (SY = 8.9 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), harvest index (HI = 45.2%), protein (12.5%), and total uptake of N (TUN) (223 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) by the cultivar ‘HD 3249’, being closely followed by the cultivar ‘HD3117’. Six cultivars (‘HD 3298’, ‘HD 3117’, ‘HD 3249’, ‘PBW 550’, ‘HD 3086’, ‘HD 2967’) out of the ten cultivars evaluated responded well to different input treatments with respect to the grain yield efficiency index (GYEI ≥ 1). Regarding N input, N<sub>75</sub> and N<sub>150</sub> recorded the highest increases in plant height, AHS (16.5%; 21.2%), dry matter accumulation (DMA) at 30 days after sowing (DAS) (37.5%; 64%), DMA-60 DAS (42%; 53%), DMA-90 DAS (39.5%; 52.5%), TILL-30 DAS (19.8%; 26.4%), TILL-60 DAS (33.3%; 44%), TILL-90 DAS (37.2%; 47.2%), seed/spike (8%; 10%), 1000-grain weight (7.8%; 12.2%), and protein content (23.3%; and 33%) when compared with N<sub>0</sub>. Furthermore, the application of N<sub>75</sub> and N<sub>150</sub> improved GY (72.1%; 142.6%), SY (61.1%; 110.6%), BY (65.5%; 123%), and HI by 4.4% and 9%, respectively, over N<sub>0</sub>. Nitrogen addition (N<sub>75</sub> and N<sub>150</sub>) also significantly increased total nitrogen uptake (104.7%; 205.6%), respectively, compared to N<sub>0</sub>. The correlation analysis revealed a positive association among most of the crop parameters. Overall, our research results suggest that the cultivars ‘HD 3249’ and ‘HD 3117’ have the potential to be effective options for improving N utilization efficiency, grain yield, and GYEI in North-West India. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:12:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9eb7cab459f74dda817eda75ba91ebee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:12:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-9eb7cab459f74dda817eda75ba91ebee2023-11-18T23:53:48ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-07-01138201110.3390/agronomy13082011Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use EfficienciesSandeep Gawdiya0Dinesh Kumar1Yashbir Singh Shivay2Babanpreet Kour3Rajesh Kumar4Siyaram Meena5Ravi Saini6Kamal Choudhary7Nadhir Al-Ansari8Abed Alataway9Ahmed Z. Dewidar10Mohamed A. Mattar11Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, IndiaIndian Institute of Maize Research, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, SwedenPrince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaPrince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaPrince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaOptimizing nitrogen (N) inputs is crucial for maximizing wheat yield and ensuring environmental sustainability. Wheat’s economic significance in India calls for a comprehensive evaluation of its ecological implications to develop a resilient production system. This study aimed to identify and evaluate ten wheat cultivars for their yield and N-use efficiency under varying nitrogen inputs (control (N<sub>0</sub>), half of the recommended nitrogen (N<sub>75</sub>), and the recommended nitrogen (N<sub>150</sub>)) using the surface application of neem-oil-coated urea. All N inputs were applied in three splits, basal, crown root initiation, and tillering stages, and an experiment was conducted in a split-plot design. The application of N<sub>150</sub> gave the highest dry matter accumulation (DMA) at harvesting stage (AHS) (871 g m<sup>−2</sup>), seed/spike (60), grain yield (GY = 7.4 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), straw yield (SY = 8.9 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), harvest index (HI = 45.2%), protein (12.5%), and total uptake of N (TUN) (223 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) by the cultivar ‘HD 3249’, being closely followed by the cultivar ‘HD3117’. Six cultivars (‘HD 3298’, ‘HD 3117’, ‘HD 3249’, ‘PBW 550’, ‘HD 3086’, ‘HD 2967’) out of the ten cultivars evaluated responded well to different input treatments with respect to the grain yield efficiency index (GYEI ≥ 1). Regarding N input, N<sub>75</sub> and N<sub>150</sub> recorded the highest increases in plant height, AHS (16.5%; 21.2%), dry matter accumulation (DMA) at 30 days after sowing (DAS) (37.5%; 64%), DMA-60 DAS (42%; 53%), DMA-90 DAS (39.5%; 52.5%), TILL-30 DAS (19.8%; 26.4%), TILL-60 DAS (33.3%; 44%), TILL-90 DAS (37.2%; 47.2%), seed/spike (8%; 10%), 1000-grain weight (7.8%; 12.2%), and protein content (23.3%; and 33%) when compared with N<sub>0</sub>. Furthermore, the application of N<sub>75</sub> and N<sub>150</sub> improved GY (72.1%; 142.6%), SY (61.1%; 110.6%), BY (65.5%; 123%), and HI by 4.4% and 9%, respectively, over N<sub>0</sub>. Nitrogen addition (N<sub>75</sub> and N<sub>150</sub>) also significantly increased total nitrogen uptake (104.7%; 205.6%), respectively, compared to N<sub>0</sub>. The correlation analysis revealed a positive association among most of the crop parameters. Overall, our research results suggest that the cultivars ‘HD 3249’ and ‘HD 3117’ have the potential to be effective options for improving N utilization efficiency, grain yield, and GYEI in North-West India.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/8/2011grain yieldnitrogen inputsnitrogen use efficiencywheat cultivars |
| spellingShingle | Sandeep Gawdiya Dinesh Kumar Yashbir Singh Shivay Babanpreet Kour Rajesh Kumar Siyaram Meena Ravi Saini Kamal Choudhary Nadhir Al-Ansari Abed Alataway Ahmed Z. Dewidar Mohamed A. Mattar Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies Agronomy grain yield nitrogen inputs nitrogen use efficiency wheat cultivars |
| title | Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies |
| title_full | Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies |
| title_fullStr | Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies |
| title_short | Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies |
| title_sort | field screening of wheat cultivars for enhanced growth yield yield attributes and nitrogen use efficiencies |
| topic | grain yield nitrogen inputs nitrogen use efficiency wheat cultivars |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/8/2011 |
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