Polyphenol and Flavonoid Stability of Wild Blueberry (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) during Air- and Freeze-Drying and Storage Stability as a Function of Temperature
Būt (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) is an indigenous wild blueberry found in Oman. It has a very short season and is commonly preserved by drying. The aims of this study were to determine the physico-chemical characteristics and stability of phytochemicals (i.e., polyphenols and flavonoi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/4/871 |
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| author | Shaima Al Hasani Zahir Al-Attabi Mostafa Waly Nasser Al-Habsi Lyutha Al-Subhi Mohammad Shafiur Rahman |
| author_facet | Shaima Al Hasani Zahir Al-Attabi Mostafa Waly Nasser Al-Habsi Lyutha Al-Subhi Mohammad Shafiur Rahman |
| author_sort | Shaima Al Hasani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Būt (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) is an indigenous wild blueberry found in Oman. It has a very short season and is commonly preserved by drying. The aims of this study were to determine the physico-chemical characteristics and stability of phytochemicals (i.e., polyphenols and flavonoids) in the berries during drying (i.e., freeze-drying at −40 °C and air-drying at 60 and 90 °C) and the polyphenol stability of the dried berries as a function of storage temperature (i.e., 90, 70, 60, 40, 20, and −20 °C). The moisture content of fresh berry flesh was 64.5 g/100 g sample (wet basis). The crude protein and fat contents were higher in the seeds than in the flesh. Glucose and fructose were the main sugars and their concentrations were highest in the sample air-dried at 60 °C. The initial total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the flesh were 2.009 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry-solids and 0.199 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g dry-solids, respectively. The samples air-dried at 90 °C and freeze-dried at −40 °C had higher TPC (i.e., 2.638 mg GAE/g dry-solids) and TFC (i.e., 0.395 mg CE/g dry-solids), respectively. There was a significant difference between the TPC and TFC of fresh and dried wild berries (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The freeze-dried wild berries retained a high TPC compared to the air-dried samples. The polyphenol storage stability of freeze-dried wild berries at different storage temperatures showed two phases: an initial release phase followed by a decay phase. The polyphenol storage stability was modeled using the Peleg model and the kinetic parameters were correlated with the storage temperature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:50:04Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:50:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9ebacf9c30064af9946d72a48898f1fa2023-11-16T20:31:41ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-02-0112487110.3390/foods12040871Polyphenol and Flavonoid Stability of Wild Blueberry (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) during Air- and Freeze-Drying and Storage Stability as a Function of TemperatureShaima Al Hasani0Zahir Al-Attabi1Mostafa Waly2Nasser Al-Habsi3Lyutha Al-Subhi4Mohammad Shafiur Rahman5Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, OmanBūt (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) is an indigenous wild blueberry found in Oman. It has a very short season and is commonly preserved by drying. The aims of this study were to determine the physico-chemical characteristics and stability of phytochemicals (i.e., polyphenols and flavonoids) in the berries during drying (i.e., freeze-drying at −40 °C and air-drying at 60 and 90 °C) and the polyphenol stability of the dried berries as a function of storage temperature (i.e., 90, 70, 60, 40, 20, and −20 °C). The moisture content of fresh berry flesh was 64.5 g/100 g sample (wet basis). The crude protein and fat contents were higher in the seeds than in the flesh. Glucose and fructose were the main sugars and their concentrations were highest in the sample air-dried at 60 °C. The initial total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the flesh were 2.009 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry-solids and 0.199 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g dry-solids, respectively. The samples air-dried at 90 °C and freeze-dried at −40 °C had higher TPC (i.e., 2.638 mg GAE/g dry-solids) and TFC (i.e., 0.395 mg CE/g dry-solids), respectively. There was a significant difference between the TPC and TFC of fresh and dried wild berries (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The freeze-dried wild berries retained a high TPC compared to the air-dried samples. The polyphenol storage stability of freeze-dried wild berries at different storage temperatures showed two phases: an initial release phase followed by a decay phase. The polyphenol storage stability was modeled using the Peleg model and the kinetic parameters were correlated with the storage temperature.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/4/871wild blueberryphysico-chemicalpolyphenolsflavonoidsfreeze dryingair drying |
| spellingShingle | Shaima Al Hasani Zahir Al-Attabi Mostafa Waly Nasser Al-Habsi Lyutha Al-Subhi Mohammad Shafiur Rahman Polyphenol and Flavonoid Stability of Wild Blueberry (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) during Air- and Freeze-Drying and Storage Stability as a Function of Temperature Foods wild blueberry physico-chemical polyphenols flavonoids freeze drying air drying |
| title | Polyphenol and Flavonoid Stability of Wild Blueberry (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) during Air- and Freeze-Drying and Storage Stability as a Function of Temperature |
| title_full | Polyphenol and Flavonoid Stability of Wild Blueberry (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) during Air- and Freeze-Drying and Storage Stability as a Function of Temperature |
| title_fullStr | Polyphenol and Flavonoid Stability of Wild Blueberry (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) during Air- and Freeze-Drying and Storage Stability as a Function of Temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polyphenol and Flavonoid Stability of Wild Blueberry (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) during Air- and Freeze-Drying and Storage Stability as a Function of Temperature |
| title_short | Polyphenol and Flavonoid Stability of Wild Blueberry (<i>Sideroxylon mascatense</i>) during Air- and Freeze-Drying and Storage Stability as a Function of Temperature |
| title_sort | polyphenol and flavonoid stability of wild blueberry i sideroxylon mascatense i during air and freeze drying and storage stability as a function of temperature |
| topic | wild blueberry physico-chemical polyphenols flavonoids freeze drying air drying |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/4/871 |
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