First isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Coxiella burnetii in lactating cows, Iraq
Q fever is an infectious disease of animals and humans, caused by globally distributed C. burnetii. In Iraq, there are no previous studies associated with the detection of the organism in cattle. An overall of 130 lactating cows were submitted to direct collection of milk samples. Initially, the sam...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine |
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| _version_ | 1818789075348357120 |
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| author | H. A. J. Gharban A. A. Yousif |
| author_facet | H. A. J. Gharban A. A. Yousif |
| author_sort | H. A. J. Gharban |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Q fever is an infectious disease of animals and humans, caused by globally distributed C. burnetii. In Iraq, there are no previous studies associated with the detection of the organism in cattle. An overall of 130 lactating cows were submitted to direct collection of milk samples. Initially, the samples of milk were tested using the molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting three genes (16S rRNA, IS1111a transposase, and htpB). However, positive results (18.46%; 24/130) were de-tected only with the 16s rRNA gene. Concerning risk factors, the highest prevalence of C. burnetii was showed in the district of Badra (42.86%), whereas the lowest in Al-Numaniyah and Al-Suwaira districts (P=0.025). There was no significant variation in positivity between the months of sampling period (P=0.082) and between age groups (P=0.076). Crossbred cows (20.69%) showed a higher positivity than local and pure breeds (P=0.043). Milk of positive samples (n=24) was used for cultiva-tion of C. burnetii into specific pathogen free-embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECEs). After three passages into SPF-ECEs, contents of yolk sac were collected, subjected for DNA extraction, and re-tested by PCR assay using the primer of 16s rRNA gene only. Of 24 cultivated milk samples, 12.5% (3/24) were positive for C. burnetii. Finally, the positive local isolates were analysed phylogenetically and reported in NCBI-Genbank under the accession numbers of MN121700.1, MN121701.1, and MN121702.1. In conclusion, this is a unique study as it detected C. burnetii in Iraqi lactating cows, and confirmed that organism was shed actively through milk, suggesting that these animals can play a role as a reservoir for organism with potential risk for transmission of infection from these animals to humans as well as to other animal species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T14:33:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ec6a6ff4ad1460d9f1e7ca4bfae55cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1311-1477 1313-3543 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T14:33:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ec6a6ff4ad1460d9f1e7ca4bfae55cb2022-12-21T21:04:32ZengFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, BulgariaBulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine1311-14771313-35432021-12-0124450851910.15547/bjvm.2322First isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Coxiella burnetii in lactating cows, IraqH. A. J. Gharban0A. A. Yousif1Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqQ fever is an infectious disease of animals and humans, caused by globally distributed C. burnetii. In Iraq, there are no previous studies associated with the detection of the organism in cattle. An overall of 130 lactating cows were submitted to direct collection of milk samples. Initially, the samples of milk were tested using the molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting three genes (16S rRNA, IS1111a transposase, and htpB). However, positive results (18.46%; 24/130) were de-tected only with the 16s rRNA gene. Concerning risk factors, the highest prevalence of C. burnetii was showed in the district of Badra (42.86%), whereas the lowest in Al-Numaniyah and Al-Suwaira districts (P=0.025). There was no significant variation in positivity between the months of sampling period (P=0.082) and between age groups (P=0.076). Crossbred cows (20.69%) showed a higher positivity than local and pure breeds (P=0.043). Milk of positive samples (n=24) was used for cultiva-tion of C. burnetii into specific pathogen free-embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECEs). After three passages into SPF-ECEs, contents of yolk sac were collected, subjected for DNA extraction, and re-tested by PCR assay using the primer of 16s rRNA gene only. Of 24 cultivated milk samples, 12.5% (3/24) were positive for C. burnetii. Finally, the positive local isolates were analysed phylogenetically and reported in NCBI-Genbank under the accession numbers of MN121700.1, MN121701.1, and MN121702.1. In conclusion, this is a unique study as it detected C. burnetii in Iraqi lactating cows, and confirmed that organism was shed actively through milk, suggesting that these animals can play a role as a reservoir for organism with potential risk for transmission of infection from these animals to humans as well as to other animal species.cowcoxiella burnetiiiraqisolationmilkphylogenetic analysis |
| spellingShingle | H. A. J. Gharban A. A. Yousif First isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Coxiella burnetii in lactating cows, Iraq Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine cow coxiella burnetii iraq isolation milk phylogenetic analysis |
| title | First isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Coxiella burnetii in lactating cows, Iraq |
| title_full | First isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Coxiella burnetii in lactating cows, Iraq |
| title_fullStr | First isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Coxiella burnetii in lactating cows, Iraq |
| title_full_unstemmed | First isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Coxiella burnetii in lactating cows, Iraq |
| title_short | First isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Coxiella burnetii in lactating cows, Iraq |
| title_sort | first isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of coxiella burnetii in lactating cows iraq |
| topic | cow coxiella burnetii iraq isolation milk phylogenetic analysis |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hajgharban firstisolationandmolecularphylogeneticanalysisofcoxiellaburnetiiinlactatingcowsiraq AT aayousif firstisolationandmolecularphylogeneticanalysisofcoxiellaburnetiiinlactatingcowsiraq |