Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon
Somatosensory, taste, vestibular, and auditory information is first processed in the brainstem. From the brainstem, the respective information is relayed to specific regions within the cortex, where these inputs are further processed and integrated with other sensory systems to provide a comprehensi...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2022.913480/full |
| _version_ | 1828412891748892672 |
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| author | Bernd Fritzsch Bernd Fritzsch Karen L. Elliott Ebenezer N. Yamoah |
| author_facet | Bernd Fritzsch Bernd Fritzsch Karen L. Elliott Ebenezer N. Yamoah |
| author_sort | Bernd Fritzsch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Somatosensory, taste, vestibular, and auditory information is first processed in the brainstem. From the brainstem, the respective information is relayed to specific regions within the cortex, where these inputs are further processed and integrated with other sensory systems to provide a comprehensive sensory experience. We provide the organization, genetics, and various neuronal connections of four sensory systems: trigeminal, taste, vestibular, and auditory systems. The development of trigeminal fibers is comparable to many sensory systems, for they project mostly contralaterally from the brainstem or spinal cord to the telencephalon. Taste bud information is primarily projected ipsilaterally through the thalamus to reach the insula. The vestibular fibers develop bilateral connections that eventually reach multiple areas of the cortex to provide a complex map. The auditory fibers project in a tonotopic contour to the auditory cortex. The spatial and tonotopic organization of trigeminal and auditory neuron projections are distinct from the taste and vestibular systems. The individual sensory projections within the cortex provide multi-sensory integration in the telencephalon that depends on context-dependent tertiary connections to integrate other cortical sensory systems across the four modalities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T12:57:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ed9de7c13bc46dea010a71688a9b76f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T12:57:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ed9de7c13bc46dea010a71688a9b76f2022-12-22T01:48:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102022-09-011610.3389/fncir.2022.913480913480Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalonBernd Fritzsch0Bernd Fritzsch1Karen L. Elliott2Ebenezer N. Yamoah3Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United StatesSomatosensory, taste, vestibular, and auditory information is first processed in the brainstem. From the brainstem, the respective information is relayed to specific regions within the cortex, where these inputs are further processed and integrated with other sensory systems to provide a comprehensive sensory experience. We provide the organization, genetics, and various neuronal connections of four sensory systems: trigeminal, taste, vestibular, and auditory systems. The development of trigeminal fibers is comparable to many sensory systems, for they project mostly contralaterally from the brainstem or spinal cord to the telencephalon. Taste bud information is primarily projected ipsilaterally through the thalamus to reach the insula. The vestibular fibers develop bilateral connections that eventually reach multiple areas of the cortex to provide a complex map. The auditory fibers project in a tonotopic contour to the auditory cortex. The spatial and tonotopic organization of trigeminal and auditory neuron projections are distinct from the taste and vestibular systems. The individual sensory projections within the cortex provide multi-sensory integration in the telencephalon that depends on context-dependent tertiary connections to integrate other cortical sensory systems across the four modalities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2022.913480/fullsensory mapsensory neuronsbrainstem organizationmidbrainthalamustelencephalon |
| spellingShingle | Bernd Fritzsch Bernd Fritzsch Karen L. Elliott Ebenezer N. Yamoah Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon Frontiers in Neural Circuits sensory map sensory neurons brainstem organization midbrain thalamus telencephalon |
| title | Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon |
| title_full | Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon |
| title_fullStr | Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon |
| title_short | Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon |
| title_sort | neurosensory development of the four brainstem projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon |
| topic | sensory map sensory neurons brainstem organization midbrain thalamus telencephalon |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2022.913480/full |
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