Why does the Conductivity of a Nickel Catalyst Increase during Sulfidation? An Exemplary Study Using an In Operando Sensor Device
In order to study the sulfidation of a catalyst fixed bed, an in operando single pellet sensor was designed. A catalyst pellet from the fixed bed was electrically contacted and its electrical response was correlated with the catalyst behavior. For the sulfidation tests, a nickel catalyst was used an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2015-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/10/27021 |
| _version_ | 1798000062688657408 |
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| author | Peter Fremerey Andreas Jess Ralf Moos |
| author_facet | Peter Fremerey Andreas Jess Ralf Moos |
| author_sort | Peter Fremerey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to study the sulfidation of a catalyst fixed bed, an in operando single pellet sensor was designed. A catalyst pellet from the fixed bed was electrically contacted and its electrical response was correlated with the catalyst behavior. For the sulfidation tests, a nickel catalyst was used and was sulfidized with H2S. This catalyst had a very low conductivity in the reduced state. During sulfidation, the conductivity of the catalyst increased by decades. A reaction from nickel to nickel sulfide occurred. This conductivity increase by decades during sulfidation had not been expected since both nickel and nickel sulfides behave metallic. Only by assuming a percolation phenomenon that originates from a volume increase of the nickel contacts when reacting to nickel sulfides, this effect can be explained. This assumption was supported by sulfidation tests with differently nickel loaded catalysts and it was quantitatively estimated by a general effective media theory. The single pellet sensor device for in operando investigation of sulfidation can be considered as a valuable tool to get further insights into catalysts under reaction conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:14:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ef76813abc840d09506abf4966df524 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:14:18Z |
| publishDate | 2015-10-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ef76813abc840d09506abf4966df5242022-12-22T04:27:19ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202015-10-011510270212703410.3390/s151027021s151027021Why does the Conductivity of a Nickel Catalyst Increase during Sulfidation? An Exemplary Study Using an In Operando Sensor DevicePeter Fremerey0Andreas Jess1Ralf Moos2Department of Functional Materials, Zentrum für Energietechnik (ZET), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Zentrum für Energietechnik (ZET), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyDepartment of Functional Materials, Zentrum für Energietechnik (ZET), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyIn order to study the sulfidation of a catalyst fixed bed, an in operando single pellet sensor was designed. A catalyst pellet from the fixed bed was electrically contacted and its electrical response was correlated with the catalyst behavior. For the sulfidation tests, a nickel catalyst was used and was sulfidized with H2S. This catalyst had a very low conductivity in the reduced state. During sulfidation, the conductivity of the catalyst increased by decades. A reaction from nickel to nickel sulfide occurred. This conductivity increase by decades during sulfidation had not been expected since both nickel and nickel sulfides behave metallic. Only by assuming a percolation phenomenon that originates from a volume increase of the nickel contacts when reacting to nickel sulfides, this effect can be explained. This assumption was supported by sulfidation tests with differently nickel loaded catalysts and it was quantitatively estimated by a general effective media theory. The single pellet sensor device for in operando investigation of sulfidation can be considered as a valuable tool to get further insights into catalysts under reaction conditions.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/10/27021fixed bed catalystsulfur poisoningnickel to nickel sulfide transformationpercolationin operando |
| spellingShingle | Peter Fremerey Andreas Jess Ralf Moos Why does the Conductivity of a Nickel Catalyst Increase during Sulfidation? An Exemplary Study Using an In Operando Sensor Device Sensors fixed bed catalyst sulfur poisoning nickel to nickel sulfide transformation percolation in operando |
| title | Why does the Conductivity of a Nickel Catalyst Increase during Sulfidation? An Exemplary Study Using an In Operando Sensor Device |
| title_full | Why does the Conductivity of a Nickel Catalyst Increase during Sulfidation? An Exemplary Study Using an In Operando Sensor Device |
| title_fullStr | Why does the Conductivity of a Nickel Catalyst Increase during Sulfidation? An Exemplary Study Using an In Operando Sensor Device |
| title_full_unstemmed | Why does the Conductivity of a Nickel Catalyst Increase during Sulfidation? An Exemplary Study Using an In Operando Sensor Device |
| title_short | Why does the Conductivity of a Nickel Catalyst Increase during Sulfidation? An Exemplary Study Using an In Operando Sensor Device |
| title_sort | why does the conductivity of a nickel catalyst increase during sulfidation an exemplary study using an in operando sensor device |
| topic | fixed bed catalyst sulfur poisoning nickel to nickel sulfide transformation percolation in operando |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/10/27021 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT peterfremerey whydoestheconductivityofanickelcatalystincreaseduringsulfidationanexemplarystudyusinganinoperandosensordevice AT andreasjess whydoestheconductivityofanickelcatalystincreaseduringsulfidationanexemplarystudyusinganinoperandosensordevice AT ralfmoos whydoestheconductivityofanickelcatalystincreaseduringsulfidationanexemplarystudyusinganinoperandosensordevice |