<i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> Genotype T4: Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-Lactoferrin
<i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> genotype T4 is a clinically significant free-living amoeba that causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis in human beings. During the initial stages of infection, trophozoites interact with various host immune responses, such as lacto...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/708 |
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| author | Gerardo Ramírez-Rico Moises Martinez-Castillo Roberto Cárdenas-Zúñiga Daniel Coronado-Velázquez Angélica Silva-Olivares Mireya De la Garza Mineko Shibayama Jesús Serrano-Luna |
| author_facet | Gerardo Ramírez-Rico Moises Martinez-Castillo Roberto Cárdenas-Zúñiga Daniel Coronado-Velázquez Angélica Silva-Olivares Mireya De la Garza Mineko Shibayama Jesús Serrano-Luna |
| author_sort | Gerardo Ramírez-Rico |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> genotype T4 is a clinically significant free-living amoeba that causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis in human beings. During the initial stages of infection, trophozoites interact with various host immune responses, such as lactoferrin (Lf), in the corneal epithelium, nasal mucosa, and blood. Lf plays an important role in the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, and evasion of the innate immune response is crucial in the colonization process. In this study, we describe the resistance of <i>A. castellanii</i> to the microbicidal effect of bovine apo-lactoferrin (apo-bLf) at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 500 µM). <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> trophozoites incubated with apo-bLf at 500 µM for 12 h maintained 98% viability. Interestingly, despite this lack of effect on viability, our results showed that the apo-bLf inhibited the cytopathic effect of <i>A. castellanii</i> in MDCK cells culture, and analysis of amoebic proteases by zymography showed significant inhibition of cysteine and serine proteases by interaction with the apo-bLf. From these results, we conclude that bovine apo-Lf influences the activity of <i>A. castellanii</i> secretion proteases, which in turn decreases amoebic cytopathic activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:59:22Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:59:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-9efab12f1ec24ecd9c7a1ee5d8155b722023-12-01T01:23:22ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111370810.3390/microorganisms11030708<i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> Genotype T4: Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-LactoferrinGerardo Ramírez-Rico0Moises Martinez-Castillo1Roberto Cárdenas-Zúñiga2Daniel Coronado-Velázquez3Angélica Silva-Olivares4Mireya De la Garza5Mineko Shibayama6Jesús Serrano-Luna7Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USADepartment of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USADepartment of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico<i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> genotype T4 is a clinically significant free-living amoeba that causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis in human beings. During the initial stages of infection, trophozoites interact with various host immune responses, such as lactoferrin (Lf), in the corneal epithelium, nasal mucosa, and blood. Lf plays an important role in the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, and evasion of the innate immune response is crucial in the colonization process. In this study, we describe the resistance of <i>A. castellanii</i> to the microbicidal effect of bovine apo-lactoferrin (apo-bLf) at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 500 µM). <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> trophozoites incubated with apo-bLf at 500 µM for 12 h maintained 98% viability. Interestingly, despite this lack of effect on viability, our results showed that the apo-bLf inhibited the cytopathic effect of <i>A. castellanii</i> in MDCK cells culture, and analysis of amoebic proteases by zymography showed significant inhibition of cysteine and serine proteases by interaction with the apo-bLf. From these results, we conclude that bovine apo-Lf influences the activity of <i>A. castellanii</i> secretion proteases, which in turn decreases amoebic cytopathic activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/708<i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i>bovine apo-lactoferrincytopathic effectcysteine proteasesserine proteases |
| spellingShingle | Gerardo Ramírez-Rico Moises Martinez-Castillo Roberto Cárdenas-Zúñiga Daniel Coronado-Velázquez Angélica Silva-Olivares Mireya De la Garza Mineko Shibayama Jesús Serrano-Luna <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> Genotype T4: Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-Lactoferrin Microorganisms <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> bovine apo-lactoferrin cytopathic effect cysteine proteases serine proteases |
| title | <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> Genotype T4: Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-Lactoferrin |
| title_full | <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> Genotype T4: Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-Lactoferrin |
| title_fullStr | <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> Genotype T4: Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-Lactoferrin |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> Genotype T4: Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-Lactoferrin |
| title_short | <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> Genotype T4: Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-Lactoferrin |
| title_sort | i acanthamoeba castellanii i genotype t4 inhibition of proteases activity and cytopathic effect by bovine apo lactoferrin |
| topic | <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> bovine apo-lactoferrin cytopathic effect cysteine proteases serine proteases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/708 |
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