Monitoring Adenosine Triphosphate Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System for Risk and Asset Management
Utilities rely on reliable and robust monitoring systems to inform decisions around asset operation and management in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) to deliver high quality, biologically stable drinking water to consumers. However, traditional culture-based testing methods present cha...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/9/1636 |
| _version_ | 1797601682726584320 |
|---|---|
| author | Rasha Maal-Bared Michael McCracken Bharatee Busawon Darlyce Simpson |
| author_facet | Rasha Maal-Bared Michael McCracken Bharatee Busawon Darlyce Simpson |
| author_sort | Rasha Maal-Bared |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Utilities rely on reliable and robust monitoring systems to inform decisions around asset operation and management in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) to deliver high quality, biologically stable drinking water to consumers. However, traditional culture-based testing methods present challenges that make the timely detection of regrowth in the DWDS difficult. This study reports the results of an extensive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) monitoring campaign—a non-regulated parameter—in an urban, chloraminated drinking water system that analyzed over 5000 samples from two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), associated DWTP reservoirs, twelve outlying reservoirs and the DWDS between 2019–2022. ATP concentrations increased significantly between the two DWTP reservoirs and outlying reservoirs but decreased between the outlying reservoirs and DWDS samples. Relationships between ATP concentrations and other water quality variables varied depending on sampling location. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were mainly non-detects (<1 CFU/mL) providing limited operational guidance compared to ATP. ATP concentrations exhibited temporal and spatial variation but did not exceed the proposed 10 pg/mL corrective action limit suggested by the manufacturer. ATP concentrations were also able to inform outlying reservoir management decisions. Monitoring ATP could serve as a useful indicator of biological stability in the DWDS for the utility of the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:03:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f024e2c39004db58edee711ec3949d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:03:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f024e2c39004db58edee711ec3949d42023-11-17T23:56:23ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-04-01159163610.3390/w15091636Monitoring Adenosine Triphosphate Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System for Risk and Asset ManagementRasha Maal-Bared0Michael McCracken1Bharatee Busawon2Darlyce Simpson3Process Development Team, Quality Assurance and Environment, EPCOR Water Services Inc., Edmonton, AB T5H 0E8, CanadaEdmonton Drinking Water Plants, EPCOR Water Services Inc., Edmonton, AB T5J 3Y3, CanadaAnalytical Operations, Quality Assurance and Environment, EPCOR Water Services Inc., Edmonton, AB T5H 0E8, CanadaQuality Assurance, Quality Assurance and Environment, EPCOR Water Services Inc., Edmonton, AB T5H 0E8, CanadaUtilities rely on reliable and robust monitoring systems to inform decisions around asset operation and management in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) to deliver high quality, biologically stable drinking water to consumers. However, traditional culture-based testing methods present challenges that make the timely detection of regrowth in the DWDS difficult. This study reports the results of an extensive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) monitoring campaign—a non-regulated parameter—in an urban, chloraminated drinking water system that analyzed over 5000 samples from two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), associated DWTP reservoirs, twelve outlying reservoirs and the DWDS between 2019–2022. ATP concentrations increased significantly between the two DWTP reservoirs and outlying reservoirs but decreased between the outlying reservoirs and DWDS samples. Relationships between ATP concentrations and other water quality variables varied depending on sampling location. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were mainly non-detects (<1 CFU/mL) providing limited operational guidance compared to ATP. ATP concentrations exhibited temporal and spatial variation but did not exceed the proposed 10 pg/mL corrective action limit suggested by the manufacturer. ATP concentrations were also able to inform outlying reservoir management decisions. Monitoring ATP could serve as a useful indicator of biological stability in the DWDS for the utility of the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/9/1636ATPHPCoperational thresholdschlorine residualasset managementtreatment plants |
| spellingShingle | Rasha Maal-Bared Michael McCracken Bharatee Busawon Darlyce Simpson Monitoring Adenosine Triphosphate Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System for Risk and Asset Management Water ATP HPC operational thresholds chlorine residual asset management treatment plants |
| title | Monitoring Adenosine Triphosphate Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System for Risk and Asset Management |
| title_full | Monitoring Adenosine Triphosphate Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System for Risk and Asset Management |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring Adenosine Triphosphate Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System for Risk and Asset Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring Adenosine Triphosphate Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System for Risk and Asset Management |
| title_short | Monitoring Adenosine Triphosphate Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System for Risk and Asset Management |
| title_sort | monitoring adenosine triphosphate concentrations in a chloraminated drinking water distribution system for risk and asset management |
| topic | ATP HPC operational thresholds chlorine residual asset management treatment plants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/9/1636 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rashamaalbared monitoringadenosinetriphosphateconcentrationsinachloraminateddrinkingwaterdistributionsystemforriskandassetmanagement AT michaelmccracken monitoringadenosinetriphosphateconcentrationsinachloraminateddrinkingwaterdistributionsystemforriskandassetmanagement AT bharateebusawon monitoringadenosinetriphosphateconcentrationsinachloraminateddrinkingwaterdistributionsystemforriskandassetmanagement AT darlycesimpson monitoringadenosinetriphosphateconcentrationsinachloraminateddrinkingwaterdistributionsystemforriskandassetmanagement |