Biodegradation Studies of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Compounds by <i>Gliocladium sp.</i> and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are monoaromatic hydrocarbons found frequently in petroleum and its derivatives; and they are among the most important pollutants of soil and groundwater. This study focused on harnessing the enzymatic capabilities of filamentous fungi Gliocladium sp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP)
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management |
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| Online Access: | https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/197686 |
| _version_ | 1797228117175042048 |
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| author | N. Usman H.I. Atta M.B. Tijjani |
| author_facet | N. Usman H.I. Atta M.B. Tijjani |
| author_sort | N. Usman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are monoaromatic hydrocarbons found frequently in petroleum and its derivatives; and they are among the most important pollutants of soil and groundwater. This study focused on harnessing the enzymatic capabilities of filamentous fungi Gliocladium sp. and Aspergillus terreus, dwelling in a petroleum-contaminated soil to degrade benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) compounds. The biodegradation experiment was carried out using the fungi individually and in consortium in a batch culture containing mineral salts medium supplemented with 1% v/v BTEX. The experiments were carried out in triplicates at room temperature on a rotary shaker (180rpm) for twenty five days and aliquots were taken on a five day interval to determine the hydrocarbon utilizing fungal (HUF) count and residual BTEX in order to monitor the rate of biodegradation. The hydrocarbon utilizing fungal counts were determined by direct counting using a Neubauer Haemocytometer while, the residual BTEX was determined using absorbance values measured using a spectrophotometer and the corresponding concentrations determined from a standard curve. The highest percentage degradation of BTEX was observed with Aspergillus terreus (89.1%) while, the least was observed with Gliocladium sp. (84.4%). The growth peak was attained on the 15th day in all treatments after which the HUF counts declined. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean amounts of BTEX degraded and hydrocarbon-utilizing fungal counts between the treatments. The strains of Gliocladium sp. and Aspergillus terreus used in this study showed high ability for BTEX degradation thus, they are potential candidates for bioremediation of soils contaminated with monoaromatic hydrocarbons.
Keywords: Biodegradation, BTEX, Gliocladium sp., Aspergillus terreus, Monoaromatic hydrocarbons
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:51:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f09e3df5e1f46889017436fc7e5cb3f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2659-1502 2659-1499 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:51:36Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f09e3df5e1f46889017436fc7e5cb3f2024-04-02T19:49:13ZengJoint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP)Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management2659-15022659-14992020-07-0124610.4314/jasem.v24i6.19Biodegradation Studies of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Compounds by <i>Gliocladium sp.</i> and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>N. UsmanH.I. AttaM.B. Tijjani Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are monoaromatic hydrocarbons found frequently in petroleum and its derivatives; and they are among the most important pollutants of soil and groundwater. This study focused on harnessing the enzymatic capabilities of filamentous fungi Gliocladium sp. and Aspergillus terreus, dwelling in a petroleum-contaminated soil to degrade benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) compounds. The biodegradation experiment was carried out using the fungi individually and in consortium in a batch culture containing mineral salts medium supplemented with 1% v/v BTEX. The experiments were carried out in triplicates at room temperature on a rotary shaker (180rpm) for twenty five days and aliquots were taken on a five day interval to determine the hydrocarbon utilizing fungal (HUF) count and residual BTEX in order to monitor the rate of biodegradation. The hydrocarbon utilizing fungal counts were determined by direct counting using a Neubauer Haemocytometer while, the residual BTEX was determined using absorbance values measured using a spectrophotometer and the corresponding concentrations determined from a standard curve. The highest percentage degradation of BTEX was observed with Aspergillus terreus (89.1%) while, the least was observed with Gliocladium sp. (84.4%). The growth peak was attained on the 15th day in all treatments after which the HUF counts declined. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean amounts of BTEX degraded and hydrocarbon-utilizing fungal counts between the treatments. The strains of Gliocladium sp. and Aspergillus terreus used in this study showed high ability for BTEX degradation thus, they are potential candidates for bioremediation of soils contaminated with monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Keywords: Biodegradation, BTEX, Gliocladium sp., Aspergillus terreus, Monoaromatic hydrocarbons https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/197686Biodegradation, BTEX, Gliocladium sp., Aspergillus terreus, Monoaromatic hydrocarbons |
| spellingShingle | N. Usman H.I. Atta M.B. Tijjani Biodegradation Studies of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Compounds by <i>Gliocladium sp.</i> and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Biodegradation, BTEX, Gliocladium sp., Aspergillus terreus, Monoaromatic hydrocarbons |
| title | Biodegradation Studies of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Compounds by <i>Gliocladium sp.</i> and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> |
| title_full | Biodegradation Studies of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Compounds by <i>Gliocladium sp.</i> and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Biodegradation Studies of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Compounds by <i>Gliocladium sp.</i> and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodegradation Studies of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Compounds by <i>Gliocladium sp.</i> and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> |
| title_short | Biodegradation Studies of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Compounds by <i>Gliocladium sp.</i> and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> |
| title_sort | biodegradation studies of benzene toluene ethylbenzene and xylene btex compounds by i gliocladium sp i and i aspergillus terreus i |
| topic | Biodegradation, BTEX, Gliocladium sp., Aspergillus terreus, Monoaromatic hydrocarbons |
| url | https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/197686 |
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