Oligosaccharide equine feed supplement, Immulix, has minor impact on vaccine responses in mice
Abstract Several mammalian species are vaccinated in early life, but little is known about the effect of diet on vaccine response. Oligosaccharides are increasingly proposed as dietary supplement for young individuals due to their anti-inflammatory potential elicited through modulation of gut microb...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04132-8 |
| _version_ | 1818753483098030080 |
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| author | Ida Wang Henriksen Josue Leonardo Castro Mejia Caroline Martha Junker Mentzel Frederikke Lindenberg Axel Kornerup Hansen |
| author_facet | Ida Wang Henriksen Josue Leonardo Castro Mejia Caroline Martha Junker Mentzel Frederikke Lindenberg Axel Kornerup Hansen |
| author_sort | Ida Wang Henriksen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Several mammalian species are vaccinated in early life, but little is known about the effect of diet on vaccine response. Oligosaccharides are increasingly proposed as dietary supplement for young individuals due to their anti-inflammatory potential elicited through modulation of gut microbiota (GM). Also, diet, e.g. the size of the fat fraction, is known to modulate the GM. We tested if an oligosaccharide diet (Immulix) and/or increased dietary fat content affected antibody titers to a tetanus vaccine in 48 BALB/cJTac mice through GM modulation. Female mice had significantly higher IgG titers with higher variation compared to male mice. The effects of Immulix and/or increased fat content were minor. Immulix negatively affected IgG titers in male mice four weeks after secondary vaccination but upregulated Il1b gene expression in the spleen. Immulix had a downregulating effect on expression of Cd4 and Foxp3 in ileum only if the mice were fed the diet with increased fat. The diet with increased dietary fat increased Il1b but decreased Cd8a gene expression in the spleen. Immulix and diet affected GM composition significantly. Increased dietary fat content upregulated Lactobacillus animalis but downregulated an unclassified Prevotella spp. Immulix decreased Lactobacillales, Streptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae but increased Bacteroides. It is concluded that in spite of some minor influences on immune cell markers, cytokines and IgG titers Immulix feeding or increased dietary fat content did not have any biologically relevant effects on tetanus vaccine responses in this experiment in mice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T05:08:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f1243f1a6924619b33d2bef43c4316e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T05:08:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f1243f1a6924619b33d2bef43c4316e2022-12-21T21:19:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-01-0112111310.1038/s41598-021-04132-8Oligosaccharide equine feed supplement, Immulix, has minor impact on vaccine responses in miceIda Wang Henriksen0Josue Leonardo Castro Mejia1Caroline Martha Junker Mentzel2Frederikke Lindenberg3Axel Kornerup Hansen4Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of CopenhagenDepartment of Food Science, University of CopenhagenDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of CopenhagenBrogaarden ApsDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of CopenhagenAbstract Several mammalian species are vaccinated in early life, but little is known about the effect of diet on vaccine response. Oligosaccharides are increasingly proposed as dietary supplement for young individuals due to their anti-inflammatory potential elicited through modulation of gut microbiota (GM). Also, diet, e.g. the size of the fat fraction, is known to modulate the GM. We tested if an oligosaccharide diet (Immulix) and/or increased dietary fat content affected antibody titers to a tetanus vaccine in 48 BALB/cJTac mice through GM modulation. Female mice had significantly higher IgG titers with higher variation compared to male mice. The effects of Immulix and/or increased fat content were minor. Immulix negatively affected IgG titers in male mice four weeks after secondary vaccination but upregulated Il1b gene expression in the spleen. Immulix had a downregulating effect on expression of Cd4 and Foxp3 in ileum only if the mice were fed the diet with increased fat. The diet with increased dietary fat increased Il1b but decreased Cd8a gene expression in the spleen. Immulix and diet affected GM composition significantly. Increased dietary fat content upregulated Lactobacillus animalis but downregulated an unclassified Prevotella spp. Immulix decreased Lactobacillales, Streptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae but increased Bacteroides. It is concluded that in spite of some minor influences on immune cell markers, cytokines and IgG titers Immulix feeding or increased dietary fat content did not have any biologically relevant effects on tetanus vaccine responses in this experiment in mice.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04132-8 |
| spellingShingle | Ida Wang Henriksen Josue Leonardo Castro Mejia Caroline Martha Junker Mentzel Frederikke Lindenberg Axel Kornerup Hansen Oligosaccharide equine feed supplement, Immulix, has minor impact on vaccine responses in mice Scientific Reports |
| title | Oligosaccharide equine feed supplement, Immulix, has minor impact on vaccine responses in mice |
| title_full | Oligosaccharide equine feed supplement, Immulix, has minor impact on vaccine responses in mice |
| title_fullStr | Oligosaccharide equine feed supplement, Immulix, has minor impact on vaccine responses in mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oligosaccharide equine feed supplement, Immulix, has minor impact on vaccine responses in mice |
| title_short | Oligosaccharide equine feed supplement, Immulix, has minor impact on vaccine responses in mice |
| title_sort | oligosaccharide equine feed supplement immulix has minor impact on vaccine responses in mice |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04132-8 |
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