Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>E. coli</i> in Farm and Wild Ruminants
Shiga-toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen that causes human gastrointestinal infections across the globe, leading to kidney failure or even death in severe cases. <i>E. coli</i> are commensal members of humans and animals’ (cattle, bison, a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/11/1332 |
| _version_ | 1827643948128010240 |
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| author | Ritesh Ray Pallavi Singh |
| author_facet | Ritesh Ray Pallavi Singh |
| author_sort | Ritesh Ray |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shiga-toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen that causes human gastrointestinal infections across the globe, leading to kidney failure or even death in severe cases. <i>E. coli</i> are commensal members of humans and animals’ (cattle, bison, and pigs) guts, however, may acquire Shiga-toxin-encoded phages. This acquisition or colonization by STEC may lead to dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial community of the host. Wildlife and livestock animals can be asymptomatically colonized by STEC, leading to pathogen shedding and transmission. Furthermore, there has been a steady uptick in new STEC variants representing various serotypes. These, along with hybrids of other pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (UPEC and ExPEC), are of serious concern, especially when they possess enhanced antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, etc. Recent studies have reported these in the livestock and food industry with minimal focus on wildlife. Disturbed natural habitats and changing climates are increasingly creating wildlife reservoirs of these pathogens, leading to a rise in zoonotic infections. Therefore, this review comprehensively surveyed studies on STEC prevalence in livestock and wildlife hosts. We further present important microbial and environmental factors contributing to STEC spread as well as infections. Finally, we delve into potential strategies for limiting STEC shedding and transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:05:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f28c983c533407e99b573d896278519 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:05:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f28c983c533407e99b573d8962785192023-11-24T09:34:00ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-11-011111133210.3390/pathogens11111332Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>E. coli</i> in Farm and Wild RuminantsRitesh Ray0Pallavi Singh1Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USAShiga-toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen that causes human gastrointestinal infections across the globe, leading to kidney failure or even death in severe cases. <i>E. coli</i> are commensal members of humans and animals’ (cattle, bison, and pigs) guts, however, may acquire Shiga-toxin-encoded phages. This acquisition or colonization by STEC may lead to dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial community of the host. Wildlife and livestock animals can be asymptomatically colonized by STEC, leading to pathogen shedding and transmission. Furthermore, there has been a steady uptick in new STEC variants representing various serotypes. These, along with hybrids of other pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (UPEC and ExPEC), are of serious concern, especially when they possess enhanced antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, etc. Recent studies have reported these in the livestock and food industry with minimal focus on wildlife. Disturbed natural habitats and changing climates are increasingly creating wildlife reservoirs of these pathogens, leading to a rise in zoonotic infections. Therefore, this review comprehensively surveyed studies on STEC prevalence in livestock and wildlife hosts. We further present important microbial and environmental factors contributing to STEC spread as well as infections. Finally, we delve into potential strategies for limiting STEC shedding and transmission.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/11/1332Shiga toxin-producing <i>E. coli</i> (STEC)pathogen transmissionemerging serotypesone-health |
| spellingShingle | Ritesh Ray Pallavi Singh Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>E. coli</i> in Farm and Wild Ruminants Pathogens Shiga toxin-producing <i>E. coli</i> (STEC) pathogen transmission emerging serotypes one-health |
| title | Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>E. coli</i> in Farm and Wild Ruminants |
| title_full | Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>E. coli</i> in Farm and Wild Ruminants |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>E. coli</i> in Farm and Wild Ruminants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>E. coli</i> in Farm and Wild Ruminants |
| title_short | Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>E. coli</i> in Farm and Wild Ruminants |
| title_sort | prevalence and implications of shiga toxin producing i e coli i in farm and wild ruminants |
| topic | Shiga toxin-producing <i>E. coli</i> (STEC) pathogen transmission emerging serotypes one-health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/11/1332 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT riteshray prevalenceandimplicationsofshigatoxinproducingiecoliiinfarmandwildruminants AT pallavisingh prevalenceandimplicationsofshigatoxinproducingiecoliiinfarmandwildruminants |