Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial
Background: Long-COVID syndrome comprises a variety of signs and symptoms that develop during or after infection with COVID-19 which may affect the physical capabilities. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of Long-COVID syndrome in sport capabilities after suffering from C...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/4/1035 |
| _version_ | 1797297883258552320 |
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| author | Sofía Laguarta-Val David Varillas-Delgado Ángel Lizcano-Álvarez Alberto Molero-Sánchez Alberto Melian-Ortiz Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda Carmen Jiménez-Antona |
| author_facet | Sofía Laguarta-Val David Varillas-Delgado Ángel Lizcano-Álvarez Alberto Molero-Sánchez Alberto Melian-Ortiz Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda Carmen Jiménez-Antona |
| author_sort | Sofía Laguarta-Val |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Long-COVID syndrome comprises a variety of signs and symptoms that develop during or after infection with COVID-19 which may affect the physical capabilities. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of Long-COVID syndrome in sport capabilities after suffering from COVID-19 infection. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare lactate concentration and quality of life (QoL) in patients with Long-COVID with those who have not developed non-Long-COVID during Nordic walking exercise therapy. Methods: Twenty-nine patients (25.5 ± 7.1 years) took part in a non-randomized controlled trial, divided into two groups: a Long-COVID group (<i>n</i> = 16) and a non-Long-COVID control (<i>n</i> = 13). Patients were confirmed as having Long-COVID syndrome if they experienced fatigue or tiredness when performing daily activities and worsening of symptoms after vigorous physical or mental activity. All participants underwent a 12-week Nordic Walking program. Lactate concentration after exercise and distance covered during all sessions were measured. Pre- and Long-Nordic Walking program, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), and EURO QoL-5D (EQ-ED) were administered to assess fatigue and quality of life, respectively. Results: There was a lactate concentration effect between groups (F = 5.604; <i>p</i> = 0.024). However, there was no significant effect as a result of the session (F = 3.521; <i>p</i> = 0.121) with no interaction of group × session (F = 1.345; <i>p</i> = 0.414). The group main effect (F = 23.088; <i>p</i> < 0.001), time effect (F = 6.625; <i>p</i> = 0.026), and group × time (F = 4.632; <i>p</i> = 0.002) interaction on the SF-36 scale were noted. Also, there were a significant group main effect (F = 38.372; <i>p</i> < 0.001), time effect (F = 12.424; <i>p</i> = 0.005), and group × time interaction (F = 4.340; <i>p</i> = 0.014) on EQ-5D. However, there was only a significant group main effect (F = 26.235; <i>p</i> < 0.001) with no effect on time (F = 2.265; <i>p</i> = 0.160) and group × time (F = 1.584; <i>p</i> = 0.234) interaction on the MFIS scale. Conclusions: The Long-COVID group showed higher lactate concentration compared with the control group during the 12 weeks of the Nordic Walking program. The Long-COVID group presented a decrease in fatigue with respect to the control group according to the MFIS scale, as well as improvement in quality of life after aerobic exercise therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:26:52Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:26:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f2fd1a7f68145d194d7bca5e78128e32024-02-23T15:22:06ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832024-02-01134103510.3390/jcm13041035Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled TrialSofía Laguarta-Val0David Varillas-Delgado1Ángel Lizcano-Álvarez2Alberto Molero-Sánchez3Alberto Melian-Ortiz4Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda5Carmen Jiménez-Antona6Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28922 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo, SpainDepartment of Nursing and Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28922 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28922 Madrid, SpainFaculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 28015 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28922 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28922 Madrid, SpainBackground: Long-COVID syndrome comprises a variety of signs and symptoms that develop during or after infection with COVID-19 which may affect the physical capabilities. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of Long-COVID syndrome in sport capabilities after suffering from COVID-19 infection. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare lactate concentration and quality of life (QoL) in patients with Long-COVID with those who have not developed non-Long-COVID during Nordic walking exercise therapy. Methods: Twenty-nine patients (25.5 ± 7.1 years) took part in a non-randomized controlled trial, divided into two groups: a Long-COVID group (<i>n</i> = 16) and a non-Long-COVID control (<i>n</i> = 13). Patients were confirmed as having Long-COVID syndrome if they experienced fatigue or tiredness when performing daily activities and worsening of symptoms after vigorous physical or mental activity. All participants underwent a 12-week Nordic Walking program. Lactate concentration after exercise and distance covered during all sessions were measured. Pre- and Long-Nordic Walking program, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), and EURO QoL-5D (EQ-ED) were administered to assess fatigue and quality of life, respectively. Results: There was a lactate concentration effect between groups (F = 5.604; <i>p</i> = 0.024). However, there was no significant effect as a result of the session (F = 3.521; <i>p</i> = 0.121) with no interaction of group × session (F = 1.345; <i>p</i> = 0.414). The group main effect (F = 23.088; <i>p</i> < 0.001), time effect (F = 6.625; <i>p</i> = 0.026), and group × time (F = 4.632; <i>p</i> = 0.002) interaction on the SF-36 scale were noted. Also, there were a significant group main effect (F = 38.372; <i>p</i> < 0.001), time effect (F = 12.424; <i>p</i> = 0.005), and group × time interaction (F = 4.340; <i>p</i> = 0.014) on EQ-5D. However, there was only a significant group main effect (F = 26.235; <i>p</i> < 0.001) with no effect on time (F = 2.265; <i>p</i> = 0.160) and group × time (F = 1.584; <i>p</i> = 0.234) interaction on the MFIS scale. Conclusions: The Long-COVID group showed higher lactate concentration compared with the control group during the 12 weeks of the Nordic Walking program. The Long-COVID group presented a decrease in fatigue with respect to the control group according to the MFIS scale, as well as improvement in quality of life after aerobic exercise therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/4/1035Long-COVIDCOVID-19fatiguequality of lifelactate concentrationaerobic exercise |
| spellingShingle | Sofía Laguarta-Val David Varillas-Delgado Ángel Lizcano-Álvarez Alberto Molero-Sánchez Alberto Melian-Ortiz Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda Carmen Jiménez-Antona Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial Journal of Clinical Medicine Long-COVID COVID-19 fatigue quality of life lactate concentration aerobic exercise |
| title | Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial |
| title_full | Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial |
| title_short | Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial |
| title_sort | effects of aerobic exercise therapy through nordic walking program in lactate concentrations fatigue and quality of life in patients with long covid syndrome a non randomized parallel controlled trial |
| topic | Long-COVID COVID-19 fatigue quality of life lactate concentration aerobic exercise |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/4/1035 |
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