Profiling of Microbiota at the Mouth of Bottles and in Remaining Tea after Drinking Directly from Plastic Bottles of Tea
It has been speculated that oral bacteria can be transferred to tea in plastic bottles when it is drunk directly from the bottles, and that the bacteria can then multiply in the bottles. The transfer of oral bacteria to the mouth of bottles and bacterial survival in the remaining tea after drinking...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Dentistry Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/9/6/58 |
| _version_ | 1797533154110603264 |
|---|---|
| author | Anna Wakui Hiroto Sano Yuka Hirabuki Miho Kawachi Ayaka Aida Jumpei Washio Yuki Abiko Gen Mayanagi Keiko Yamaki Kaori Tanaka Nobuhiro Takahashi Takuichi Sato |
| author_facet | Anna Wakui Hiroto Sano Yuka Hirabuki Miho Kawachi Ayaka Aida Jumpei Washio Yuki Abiko Gen Mayanagi Keiko Yamaki Kaori Tanaka Nobuhiro Takahashi Takuichi Sato |
| author_sort | Anna Wakui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It has been speculated that oral bacteria can be transferred to tea in plastic bottles when it is drunk directly from the bottles, and that the bacteria can then multiply in the bottles. The transfer of oral bacteria to the mouth of bottles and bacterial survival in the remaining tea after drinking directly from bottles were examined immediately after drinking and after storage at 37 °C for 24 h. Twelve healthy subjects (19 to 23 years of age) were asked to drink approximately 50 mL of unsweetened tea from a plastic bottle. The mouths of the bottles were swabbed with sterile cotton, and the swabs and the remaining tea in the bottles were analyzed by anaerobic culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Metagenomic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene was also performed. The mean amounts of bacteria were (1.8 ± 1.7) × 10<sup>4</sup> colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and (1.4 ± 1.5) × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL at the mouth of the bottles immediately after and 24 h after drinking, respectively. In contrast, (0.8 ± 1.6) × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL and (2.5 ± 2.6) × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL were recovered from the remaining tea immediately after and 24 h after drinking, respectively. <i>Streptococcus</i> (59.9%) were predominant at the mouth of the bottles immediately after drinking, followed by <i>Schaalia</i> (5.5%), <i>Gemella</i> (5.5%), <i>Actinomyces</i> (4.9%), <i>Cutibacterium</i> (4.9%), and <i>Veillonella</i> (3.6%); the culture and metagenomic analyses showed similar findings for the major species of detected bacteria, including <i>Streptococcus</i> (59.9%, and 10.711%)<i>, Neisseria</i> (1.6%, and 24.245%)<i>, Haemophilus</i> (0.6%, and 15.658%)<i>, Gemella</i> (5.5%, and 0.381%)<i>, Cutibacterium</i> (4.9%, and 0.041%)<i>, Rothia</i> (2.6%, and 4.170%)<i>, Veillonella</i> (3.6%, and 1.130%)<i>, Actinomyces</i> (4.9%, and 0.406%)<i>, Prevotella</i> (1.6%, and 0.442%)<i>, Fusobacterium</i> (1.0%, and 0.461%)<i>, Capnocytophaga</i> (0.3%, and 0.028%), and <i>Porphyromonas</i> (1.0%, and 0.060%), respectively. Furthermore, <i>Streptococcus</i> were the most commonly detected bacteria 24 h after drinking. These findings demonstrated that oral bacteria were present at the mouth of the bottles and in the remaining tea after drinking. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:10:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f2fecdb4d2046a1abc938b4ca9abd75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6767 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:10:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dentistry Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f2fecdb4d2046a1abc938b4ca9abd752023-11-21T20:49:31ZengMDPI AGDentistry Journal2304-67672021-05-01965810.3390/dj9060058Profiling of Microbiota at the Mouth of Bottles and in Remaining Tea after Drinking Directly from Plastic Bottles of TeaAnna Wakui0Hiroto Sano1Yuka Hirabuki2Miho Kawachi3Ayaka Aida4Jumpei Washio5Yuki Abiko6Gen Mayanagi7Keiko Yamaki8Kaori Tanaka9Nobuhiro Takahashi10Takuichi Sato11Division of Clinical Chemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata 951-8518, JapanDivision of Clinical Chemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata 951-8518, JapanDivision of Clinical Chemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata 951-8518, JapanDivision of Clinical Chemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata 951-8518, JapanDivision of Clinical Chemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata 951-8518, JapanDivision of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, JapanDivision of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, JapanDivision of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, JapanDivision of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, JapanDivision of Anaerobic Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, JapanDivision of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, JapanDivision of Clinical Chemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata 951-8518, JapanIt has been speculated that oral bacteria can be transferred to tea in plastic bottles when it is drunk directly from the bottles, and that the bacteria can then multiply in the bottles. The transfer of oral bacteria to the mouth of bottles and bacterial survival in the remaining tea after drinking directly from bottles were examined immediately after drinking and after storage at 37 °C for 24 h. Twelve healthy subjects (19 to 23 years of age) were asked to drink approximately 50 mL of unsweetened tea from a plastic bottle. The mouths of the bottles were swabbed with sterile cotton, and the swabs and the remaining tea in the bottles were analyzed by anaerobic culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Metagenomic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene was also performed. The mean amounts of bacteria were (1.8 ± 1.7) × 10<sup>4</sup> colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and (1.4 ± 1.5) × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL at the mouth of the bottles immediately after and 24 h after drinking, respectively. In contrast, (0.8 ± 1.6) × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL and (2.5 ± 2.6) × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL were recovered from the remaining tea immediately after and 24 h after drinking, respectively. <i>Streptococcus</i> (59.9%) were predominant at the mouth of the bottles immediately after drinking, followed by <i>Schaalia</i> (5.5%), <i>Gemella</i> (5.5%), <i>Actinomyces</i> (4.9%), <i>Cutibacterium</i> (4.9%), and <i>Veillonella</i> (3.6%); the culture and metagenomic analyses showed similar findings for the major species of detected bacteria, including <i>Streptococcus</i> (59.9%, and 10.711%)<i>, Neisseria</i> (1.6%, and 24.245%)<i>, Haemophilus</i> (0.6%, and 15.658%)<i>, Gemella</i> (5.5%, and 0.381%)<i>, Cutibacterium</i> (4.9%, and 0.041%)<i>, Rothia</i> (2.6%, and 4.170%)<i>, Veillonella</i> (3.6%, and 1.130%)<i>, Actinomyces</i> (4.9%, and 0.406%)<i>, Prevotella</i> (1.6%, and 0.442%)<i>, Fusobacterium</i> (1.0%, and 0.461%)<i>, Capnocytophaga</i> (0.3%, and 0.028%), and <i>Porphyromonas</i> (1.0%, and 0.060%), respectively. Furthermore, <i>Streptococcus</i> were the most commonly detected bacteria 24 h after drinking. These findings demonstrated that oral bacteria were present at the mouth of the bottles and in the remaining tea after drinking.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/9/6/58oral microbiotaPET bottleprofilingunsweetened tea |
| spellingShingle | Anna Wakui Hiroto Sano Yuka Hirabuki Miho Kawachi Ayaka Aida Jumpei Washio Yuki Abiko Gen Mayanagi Keiko Yamaki Kaori Tanaka Nobuhiro Takahashi Takuichi Sato Profiling of Microbiota at the Mouth of Bottles and in Remaining Tea after Drinking Directly from Plastic Bottles of Tea Dentistry Journal oral microbiota PET bottle profiling unsweetened tea |
| title | Profiling of Microbiota at the Mouth of Bottles and in Remaining Tea after Drinking Directly from Plastic Bottles of Tea |
| title_full | Profiling of Microbiota at the Mouth of Bottles and in Remaining Tea after Drinking Directly from Plastic Bottles of Tea |
| title_fullStr | Profiling of Microbiota at the Mouth of Bottles and in Remaining Tea after Drinking Directly from Plastic Bottles of Tea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Profiling of Microbiota at the Mouth of Bottles and in Remaining Tea after Drinking Directly from Plastic Bottles of Tea |
| title_short | Profiling of Microbiota at the Mouth of Bottles and in Remaining Tea after Drinking Directly from Plastic Bottles of Tea |
| title_sort | profiling of microbiota at the mouth of bottles and in remaining tea after drinking directly from plastic bottles of tea |
| topic | oral microbiota PET bottle profiling unsweetened tea |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/9/6/58 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT annawakui profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT hirotosano profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT yukahirabuki profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT mihokawachi profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT ayakaaida profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT jumpeiwashio profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT yukiabiko profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT genmayanagi profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT keikoyamaki profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT kaoritanaka profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT nobuhirotakahashi profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea AT takuichisato profilingofmicrobiotaatthemouthofbottlesandinremainingteaafterdrinkingdirectlyfromplasticbottlesoftea |