Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers
Iron and copper are essential micronutrients needed for the proper function of every cell. However, in excessive amounts, these elements are toxic, as they may cause oxidative stress, resulting in damage to the liver and other organs. This may happen due to poisoning, as a side effect of thalassemia...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/3969 |
| _version_ | 1797508671987515392 |
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| author | Martin Hruby Irma Ivette Santana Martínez Holger Stephan Pavla Pouckova Jiri Benes Petr Stepanek |
| author_facet | Martin Hruby Irma Ivette Santana Martínez Holger Stephan Pavla Pouckova Jiri Benes Petr Stepanek |
| author_sort | Martin Hruby |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iron and copper are essential micronutrients needed for the proper function of every cell. However, in excessive amounts, these elements are toxic, as they may cause oxidative stress, resulting in damage to the liver and other organs. This may happen due to poisoning, as a side effect of thalassemia infusion therapy or due to hereditary diseases hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease. The current golden standard of therapy of iron and copper overload is the use of low-molecular-weight chelators of these elements. However, these agents suffer from severe side effects, are often expensive and possess unfavorable pharmacokinetics, thus limiting the usability of such therapy. The emerging concepts are polymer-supported iron- and copper-chelating therapeutics, either for parenteral or oral use, which shows vivid potential to keep the therapeutic efficacy of low-molecular-weight agents, while avoiding their drawbacks, especially their side effects. Critical evaluation of this new perspective polymer approach is the purpose of this review article. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:07:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f4c59362f0e453cbcad55855ae255cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:07:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f4c59362f0e453cbcad55855ae255cf2023-11-23T01:09:40ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-11-011322396910.3390/polym13223969Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to PolymersMartin Hruby0Irma Ivette Santana Martínez1Holger Stephan2Pavla Pouckova3Jiri Benes4Petr Stepanek5Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského Náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech RepublicHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, GermanyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, GermanyInstitute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Salmovska 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Salmovska 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského Náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech RepublicIron and copper are essential micronutrients needed for the proper function of every cell. However, in excessive amounts, these elements are toxic, as they may cause oxidative stress, resulting in damage to the liver and other organs. This may happen due to poisoning, as a side effect of thalassemia infusion therapy or due to hereditary diseases hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease. The current golden standard of therapy of iron and copper overload is the use of low-molecular-weight chelators of these elements. However, these agents suffer from severe side effects, are often expensive and possess unfavorable pharmacokinetics, thus limiting the usability of such therapy. The emerging concepts are polymer-supported iron- and copper-chelating therapeutics, either for parenteral or oral use, which shows vivid potential to keep the therapeutic efficacy of low-molecular-weight agents, while avoiding their drawbacks, especially their side effects. Critical evaluation of this new perspective polymer approach is the purpose of this review article.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/3969ironcopperpolymerchelatorWilson’s diseasehemochromatosis |
| spellingShingle | Martin Hruby Irma Ivette Santana Martínez Holger Stephan Pavla Pouckova Jiri Benes Petr Stepanek Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers Polymers iron copper polymer chelator Wilson’s disease hemochromatosis |
| title | Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers |
| title_full | Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers |
| title_fullStr | Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers |
| title_short | Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers |
| title_sort | chelators for treatment of iron and copper overload shift from low molecular weight compounds to polymers |
| topic | iron copper polymer chelator Wilson’s disease hemochromatosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/3969 |
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