Carbon Nanodots in Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy: A Review
Antibiotic resistance development in bacteria is an ever-increasing global health concern as new resistant strains and/or resistance mechanisms emerge each day, out-pacing the discovery of novel antibiotics. Increasingly, research focuses on alternate techniques, such as antimicrobial photodynamic t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/18/4004 |
| _version_ | 1797554152995291136 |
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| author | Rachael Knoblauch Chris D. Geddes |
| author_facet | Rachael Knoblauch Chris D. Geddes |
| author_sort | Rachael Knoblauch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibiotic resistance development in bacteria is an ever-increasing global health concern as new resistant strains and/or resistance mechanisms emerge each day, out-pacing the discovery of novel antibiotics. Increasingly, research focuses on alternate techniques, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) or photocatalytic disinfection, to combat pathogens even before infection occurs. Small molecule “photosensitizers” have been developed to date for this application, using light energy to inflict damage and death on nearby pathogens via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These molecular agents are frequently limited in widespread application by synthetic expense and complexity. Carbon dots, or fluorescent, quasi-spherical nanoparticle structures, provide an inexpensive and “green” solution for a new class of APDT photosensitizers. To date, reviews have examined the overall antimicrobial properties of carbon dot structures. Herein we provide a focused review on the recent progress for carbon nanodots in photodynamic disinfection, highlighting select studies of carbon dots as intrinsic photosensitizers, structural tuning strategies for optimization, and their use in hybrid disinfection systems and materials. Limitations and challenges are also discussed, and contemporary experimental strategies presented. This review provides a focused foundation for which APDT using carbon dots may be expanded in future research, ultimately on a global scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:26:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f5793f19084412a89cbeb39e3710d35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:26:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f5793f19084412a89cbeb39e3710d352023-11-20T13:11:50ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-09-011318400410.3390/ma13184004Carbon Nanodots in Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy: A ReviewRachael Knoblauch0Chris D. Geddes1Institute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USAInstitute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USAAntibiotic resistance development in bacteria is an ever-increasing global health concern as new resistant strains and/or resistance mechanisms emerge each day, out-pacing the discovery of novel antibiotics. Increasingly, research focuses on alternate techniques, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) or photocatalytic disinfection, to combat pathogens even before infection occurs. Small molecule “photosensitizers” have been developed to date for this application, using light energy to inflict damage and death on nearby pathogens via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These molecular agents are frequently limited in widespread application by synthetic expense and complexity. Carbon dots, or fluorescent, quasi-spherical nanoparticle structures, provide an inexpensive and “green” solution for a new class of APDT photosensitizers. To date, reviews have examined the overall antimicrobial properties of carbon dot structures. Herein we provide a focused review on the recent progress for carbon nanodots in photodynamic disinfection, highlighting select studies of carbon dots as intrinsic photosensitizers, structural tuning strategies for optimization, and their use in hybrid disinfection systems and materials. Limitations and challenges are also discussed, and contemporary experimental strategies presented. This review provides a focused foundation for which APDT using carbon dots may be expanded in future research, ultimately on a global scale.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/18/4004carbon dotscarbon nanodotscarbon quantum dotsphotosensitizationantimicrobial photodynamic therapyantibacterial |
| spellingShingle | Rachael Knoblauch Chris D. Geddes Carbon Nanodots in Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy: A Review Materials carbon dots carbon nanodots carbon quantum dots photosensitization antimicrobial photodynamic therapy antibacterial |
| title | Carbon Nanodots in Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy: A Review |
| title_full | Carbon Nanodots in Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Carbon Nanodots in Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon Nanodots in Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy: A Review |
| title_short | Carbon Nanodots in Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy: A Review |
| title_sort | carbon nanodots in photodynamic antimicrobial therapy a review |
| topic | carbon dots carbon nanodots carbon quantum dots photosensitization antimicrobial photodynamic therapy antibacterial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/18/4004 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rachaelknoblauch carbonnanodotsinphotodynamicantimicrobialtherapyareview AT chrisdgeddes carbonnanodotsinphotodynamicantimicrobialtherapyareview |