The Need for Individualized Risk Assessment in Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the era of modern medicine despite major advancements in this field. Current available clinical surrogate markers and blood tests do not adequately predict individual risk of cardiovascular disease. A more precise and sophisticated tool th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/7/1140 |
| _version_ | 1797405917576167424 |
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| author | Hui Yin Lim Louise M. Burrell Rowena Brook Harshal H. Nandurkar Geoffrey Donnan Prahlad Ho |
| author_facet | Hui Yin Lim Louise M. Burrell Rowena Brook Harshal H. Nandurkar Geoffrey Donnan Prahlad Ho |
| author_sort | Hui Yin Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the era of modern medicine despite major advancements in this field. Current available clinical surrogate markers and blood tests do not adequately predict individual risk of cardiovascular disease. A more precise and sophisticated tool that can reliably predict the thrombosis and bleeding risks at an individual level is required in order for clinicians to confidently recommend early interventions with a favorable risk–benefit profile. Critical to the development of this tool is the assessment and understanding of Virchow’s triad and its complex interactions between hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction and vessel flow, a fundamental concept to the development of thrombosis. This review explores the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease stemming from the triad of factors and how individualized risk assessment can be improved through the multimodal use of tools such as global coagulation assays, endothelial biomarkers and vessel flow assessment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f5e17956caa41cf822314ecc73115b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f5e17956caa41cf822314ecc73115b12023-12-03T15:16:55ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262022-07-01127114010.3390/jpm12071140The Need for Individualized Risk Assessment in Cardiovascular DiseaseHui Yin Lim0Louise M. Burrell1Rowena Brook2Harshal H. Nandurkar3Geoffrey Donnan4Prahlad Ho5Northern Pathology Victoria, Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC 3076, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC 3084, AustraliaNorthern Pathology Victoria, Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC 3076, AustraliaAustralian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, AustraliaThe Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, AustraliaNorthern Pathology Victoria, Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC 3076, AustraliaCardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the era of modern medicine despite major advancements in this field. Current available clinical surrogate markers and blood tests do not adequately predict individual risk of cardiovascular disease. A more precise and sophisticated tool that can reliably predict the thrombosis and bleeding risks at an individual level is required in order for clinicians to confidently recommend early interventions with a favorable risk–benefit profile. Critical to the development of this tool is the assessment and understanding of Virchow’s triad and its complex interactions between hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction and vessel flow, a fundamental concept to the development of thrombosis. This review explores the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease stemming from the triad of factors and how individualized risk assessment can be improved through the multimodal use of tools such as global coagulation assays, endothelial biomarkers and vessel flow assessment.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/7/1140cardiovascular diseaserisk assessmentVirchow’s triadglobal coagulation assaysendothelial markers |
| spellingShingle | Hui Yin Lim Louise M. Burrell Rowena Brook Harshal H. Nandurkar Geoffrey Donnan Prahlad Ho The Need for Individualized Risk Assessment in Cardiovascular Disease Journal of Personalized Medicine cardiovascular disease risk assessment Virchow’s triad global coagulation assays endothelial markers |
| title | The Need for Individualized Risk Assessment in Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_full | The Need for Individualized Risk Assessment in Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_fullStr | The Need for Individualized Risk Assessment in Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Need for Individualized Risk Assessment in Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_short | The Need for Individualized Risk Assessment in Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_sort | need for individualized risk assessment in cardiovascular disease |
| topic | cardiovascular disease risk assessment Virchow’s triad global coagulation assays endothelial markers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/7/1140 |
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