Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease
Cytokines activate or inhibit immune cell behavior and are thus integral to all immune responses. IL-1α and IL-1β are powerful apical cytokines that instigate multiple downstream processes to affect both innate and adaptive immunity. Multiple studies show that IL-1β is typically activated in macroph...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.613170/full |
| _version_ | 1819061730149400576 |
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| author | Katerina Pyrillou Laura C. Burzynski Murray C. H. Clarke |
| author_facet | Katerina Pyrillou Laura C. Burzynski Murray C. H. Clarke |
| author_sort | Katerina Pyrillou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cytokines activate or inhibit immune cell behavior and are thus integral to all immune responses. IL-1α and IL-1β are powerful apical cytokines that instigate multiple downstream processes to affect both innate and adaptive immunity. Multiple studies show that IL-1β is typically activated in macrophages after inflammasome sensing of infection or danger, leading to caspase-1 processing of IL-1β and its release. However, many alternative mechanisms activate IL-1α and IL-1β in atypical cell types, and IL-1 function is also important for homeostatic processes that maintain a physiological state. This review focuses on the less studied, yet arguably more interesting biology of IL-1. We detail the production by, and effects of IL-1 on specific innate and adaptive immune cells, report how IL-1 is required for barrier function at multiple sites, and discuss how perturbation of IL-1 pathways can drive disease. Thus, although IL-1 is primarily studied for driving inflammation after release from macrophages, it is clear that it has a multifaceted role that extends far beyond this, with various unconventional effects of IL-1 vital for health. However, much is still unknown, and a detailed understanding of cell-type and context-dependent actions of IL-1 is required to truly understand this enigmatic cytokine, and safely deploy therapeutics for the betterment of human health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T14:47:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f692d114cc84cdf8ab0ba8c5585a580 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T14:47:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f692d114cc84cdf8ab0ba8c5585a5802022-12-21T18:59:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-12-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.613170613170Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and DiseaseKaterina PyrillouLaura C. BurzynskiMurray C. H. ClarkeCytokines activate or inhibit immune cell behavior and are thus integral to all immune responses. IL-1α and IL-1β are powerful apical cytokines that instigate multiple downstream processes to affect both innate and adaptive immunity. Multiple studies show that IL-1β is typically activated in macrophages after inflammasome sensing of infection or danger, leading to caspase-1 processing of IL-1β and its release. However, many alternative mechanisms activate IL-1α and IL-1β in atypical cell types, and IL-1 function is also important for homeostatic processes that maintain a physiological state. This review focuses on the less studied, yet arguably more interesting biology of IL-1. We detail the production by, and effects of IL-1 on specific innate and adaptive immune cells, report how IL-1 is required for barrier function at multiple sites, and discuss how perturbation of IL-1 pathways can drive disease. Thus, although IL-1 is primarily studied for driving inflammation after release from macrophages, it is clear that it has a multifaceted role that extends far beyond this, with various unconventional effects of IL-1 vital for health. However, much is still unknown, and a detailed understanding of cell-type and context-dependent actions of IL-1 is required to truly understand this enigmatic cytokine, and safely deploy therapeutics for the betterment of human health.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.613170/fullcytokinesinterleukin-1inflammasomeinnate immunityinflammationadaptive immunity |
| spellingShingle | Katerina Pyrillou Laura C. Burzynski Murray C. H. Clarke Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease Frontiers in Immunology cytokines interleukin-1 inflammasome innate immunity inflammation adaptive immunity |
| title | Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease |
| title_full | Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease |
| title_fullStr | Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease |
| title_short | Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease |
| title_sort | alternative pathways of il 1 activation and its role in health and disease |
| topic | cytokines interleukin-1 inflammasome innate immunity inflammation adaptive immunity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.613170/full |
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