Gender-differences in prevalence and outcome of ischemic stroke and promoting factors of atrial thrombi
Background: Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death and disability. However, data about gender-differences in stroke are controversial. Methods: In the nationwide sample, male and female inpatients were selected by screening for ischemic stroke by ICD-Code(I63) and compared. In a second stud...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Artery Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125924939/view |
| _version_ | 1811301195719901184 |
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| author | Karsten Keller Martin Geyer Thomas Münzel Mir Abolfazl Ostad |
| author_facet | Karsten Keller Martin Geyer Thomas Münzel Mir Abolfazl Ostad |
| author_sort | Karsten Keller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death and disability. However, data about gender-differences in stroke are controversial.
Methods: In the nationwide sample, male and female inpatients were selected by screening for ischemic stroke by ICD-Code(I63) and compared. In a second study, we performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and screened for gender specific associations between clinical and echocardiographic parameters and atrial thrombi formation.
Results: Males had a higher incidence of ischemic stroke than females (372 vs. 340 per 100,000 citizens) with a substantial age-depending increase. Percentage of stroke patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF, 34.2% vs. 26.5%) and the case-fatality rate (9.4% vs. 7.1%) were higher in females. AF seems to aggravate stroke events. In the retrospective study, 227 patients were enrolled (87 females (38.3%)). Females were older (IQR 72.0 (72.0–79.0) vs. 66.5 (57.3–76.8) years, P = 0.013), showed smaller right atrial (RA) area and slower blood flow velocity in left atrial appendage (LAA) (41.2 (29.2–58.5) vs. 50.0 (34.3–67.1) cm*sec−1, P = 0.038). Promoting factors of atrial thrombi in both genders were lower blood-flow velocity in LAA, larger LAA diameters, higher CHA2DS2-VASc-score and heart failure. AF, larger atrial septal-lateral diameters and areas were associated with atrial thrombi especially in males.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated gender-specific differences in ischemic stroke. Incidence of ischemic stroke was higher in males than in females increasing exponentially with growing age in both genders. Females had a higher case-fatality rate presumably due to higher rate of AF. Promoting factors of atrial thrombi differ especially regarding atrial volumes and blood flow velocity in the LAA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:04:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f69a02f848a41e392fa8cdc7d389e73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1876-4401 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:04:34Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Artery Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f69a02f848a41e392fa8cdc7d389e732022-12-22T02:57:02ZengBMCArtery Research1876-44012018-05-012210.1016/j.artres.2018.05.004Gender-differences in prevalence and outcome of ischemic stroke and promoting factors of atrial thrombiKarsten KellerMartin GeyerThomas MünzelMir Abolfazl OstadBackground: Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death and disability. However, data about gender-differences in stroke are controversial. Methods: In the nationwide sample, male and female inpatients were selected by screening for ischemic stroke by ICD-Code(I63) and compared. In a second study, we performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and screened for gender specific associations between clinical and echocardiographic parameters and atrial thrombi formation. Results: Males had a higher incidence of ischemic stroke than females (372 vs. 340 per 100,000 citizens) with a substantial age-depending increase. Percentage of stroke patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF, 34.2% vs. 26.5%) and the case-fatality rate (9.4% vs. 7.1%) were higher in females. AF seems to aggravate stroke events. In the retrospective study, 227 patients were enrolled (87 females (38.3%)). Females were older (IQR 72.0 (72.0–79.0) vs. 66.5 (57.3–76.8) years, P = 0.013), showed smaller right atrial (RA) area and slower blood flow velocity in left atrial appendage (LAA) (41.2 (29.2–58.5) vs. 50.0 (34.3–67.1) cm*sec−1, P = 0.038). Promoting factors of atrial thrombi in both genders were lower blood-flow velocity in LAA, larger LAA diameters, higher CHA2DS2-VASc-score and heart failure. AF, larger atrial septal-lateral diameters and areas were associated with atrial thrombi especially in males. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated gender-specific differences in ischemic stroke. Incidence of ischemic stroke was higher in males than in females increasing exponentially with growing age in both genders. Females had a higher case-fatality rate presumably due to higher rate of AF. Promoting factors of atrial thrombi differ especially regarding atrial volumes and blood flow velocity in the LAA.https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125924939/viewIschemic strokeSexLAALeft atrial appendixGenderAtrial fibrillation |
| spellingShingle | Karsten Keller Martin Geyer Thomas Münzel Mir Abolfazl Ostad Gender-differences in prevalence and outcome of ischemic stroke and promoting factors of atrial thrombi Artery Research Ischemic stroke Sex LAA Left atrial appendix Gender Atrial fibrillation |
| title | Gender-differences in prevalence and outcome of ischemic stroke and promoting factors of atrial thrombi |
| title_full | Gender-differences in prevalence and outcome of ischemic stroke and promoting factors of atrial thrombi |
| title_fullStr | Gender-differences in prevalence and outcome of ischemic stroke and promoting factors of atrial thrombi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender-differences in prevalence and outcome of ischemic stroke and promoting factors of atrial thrombi |
| title_short | Gender-differences in prevalence and outcome of ischemic stroke and promoting factors of atrial thrombi |
| title_sort | gender differences in prevalence and outcome of ischemic stroke and promoting factors of atrial thrombi |
| topic | Ischemic stroke Sex LAA Left atrial appendix Gender Atrial fibrillation |
| url | https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125924939/view |
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