Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A Review
Blood from livestock slaughtering imposes a high organic pollution load and risks. If it is discharged untreated to sewer systems, it increases the organic pollution load on wastewater treatment plants by 35–50%. This paper reviews blood anaerobic digestion. It analyzes the quantities, composition,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5666 |
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| author | Tasnia Hassan Nazifa Noori M. Cata Saady Carlos Bazan Sohrab Zendehboudi Adnan Aftab Talib M. Albayati |
| author_facet | Tasnia Hassan Nazifa Noori M. Cata Saady Carlos Bazan Sohrab Zendehboudi Adnan Aftab Talib M. Albayati |
| author_sort | Tasnia Hassan Nazifa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blood from livestock slaughtering imposes a high organic pollution load and risks. If it is discharged untreated to sewer systems, it increases the organic pollution load on wastewater treatment plants by 35–50%. This paper reviews blood anaerobic digestion. It analyzes the quantities, composition, methane potential reported, microbiology, biochemical pathways of blood protein degradation, environmental and health issues, and strategies suggested to manage them during livestock blood anaerobic digestion. Although challenging, anaerobic digestion of blood as a mono-substrate is possible if the culture-reactor system is controlled based on a complete characterization and understanding of the microbial community and its metabolic activities. Co-digestion of blood and other feedstock proceeds well if the mixtures are well designed. Generally, the specific methane yield from digesting blood alone ranges between zero and 0.45 m<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> protein, whereas for co-digesting blood and other substrates, the yield varies between 0.1 and 0.7 m<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> volatile solids. More research is required for microbiology and kinetics, the role of adsorbents, reactor configuration, and culture adaptation during anaerobic digestion of blood to better control the process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:43:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f7e228a89f44cd3b81da4f736ce618e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:43:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f7e228a89f44cd3b81da4f736ce618e2023-11-22T12:51:06ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-09-011418566610.3390/en14185666Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A ReviewTasnia Hassan Nazifa0Noori M. Cata Saady1Carlos Bazan2Sohrab Zendehboudi3Adnan Aftab4Talib M. Albayati5Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, CanadaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, CanadaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, CanadaDepartment of Process Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, CanadaWestern Australia School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Kensington, WA 6151, AustraliaChemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10071, IraqBlood from livestock slaughtering imposes a high organic pollution load and risks. If it is discharged untreated to sewer systems, it increases the organic pollution load on wastewater treatment plants by 35–50%. This paper reviews blood anaerobic digestion. It analyzes the quantities, composition, methane potential reported, microbiology, biochemical pathways of blood protein degradation, environmental and health issues, and strategies suggested to manage them during livestock blood anaerobic digestion. Although challenging, anaerobic digestion of blood as a mono-substrate is possible if the culture-reactor system is controlled based on a complete characterization and understanding of the microbial community and its metabolic activities. Co-digestion of blood and other feedstock proceeds well if the mixtures are well designed. Generally, the specific methane yield from digesting blood alone ranges between zero and 0.45 m<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> protein, whereas for co-digesting blood and other substrates, the yield varies between 0.1 and 0.7 m<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> volatile solids. More research is required for microbiology and kinetics, the role of adsorbents, reactor configuration, and culture adaptation during anaerobic digestion of blood to better control the process.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5666bloodlivestock bloodslaughterhouse wasteproteinanaerobic digestionbiogas |
| spellingShingle | Tasnia Hassan Nazifa Noori M. Cata Saady Carlos Bazan Sohrab Zendehboudi Adnan Aftab Talib M. Albayati Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A Review Energies blood livestock blood slaughterhouse waste protein anaerobic digestion biogas |
| title | Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A Review |
| title_full | Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A Review |
| title_short | Anaerobic Digestion of Blood from Slaughtered Livestock: A Review |
| title_sort | anaerobic digestion of blood from slaughtered livestock a review |
| topic | blood livestock blood slaughterhouse waste protein anaerobic digestion biogas |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5666 |
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