Evolution of global phosphorus products trade pattern and China’s phosphorus import and export security
[Objective] As a non-renewable resource, phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in agricultural development and food security. It is important to examine the characteristics of change of P products trade pattern, which contributes to understanding China’s position in the global P products market as wel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | zho |
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Science Press, PR China
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Ziyuan Kexue |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.resci.cn/fileup/1007-7588/PDF/1706856532832-616369926.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797323857182326784 |
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| author | CHEN Yuran, CHEN Minpeng |
| author_facet | CHEN Yuran, CHEN Minpeng |
| author_sort | CHEN Yuran, CHEN Minpeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | [Objective] As a non-renewable resource, phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in agricultural development and food security. It is important to examine the characteristics of change of P products trade pattern, which contributes to understanding China’s position in the global P products market as well as reinforcing the P security of China. [Methods] Based on the complex network analysis, this study constructed a global P trade network from 1990 to 2020 and analyzed its globalization level, trade reciprocity, and national connectivity patterns. Furthermore, this study examined the evolution of centrality of major importing and exporting countries (regions). It also developed indicators to evaluate the security for China’s P products trade. [Results] The results indicate the following: (1) Globalization has notably increased the activity within the P products trade network, which is primarily composed of processed phosphate products, including phosphate fertilizer (PF). Trade reciprocity has grown by more than 30%, fostering improved trade relations and enhanced international cooperation. However, the unbalanced trade structure has led many countries (regions) to heavily rely on major exporting countries (regions). Therefore, the stability of export policies is crucial for ensuring global P products supply. (2) In the 1990s, the major trading countries included exporters with high P reserves and production capacity (Morocco, USA), and importers with low P reserves and high demand (Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Thailand, Malaysia, etc.). Since 2006, as the production of phosphate rock (PR) increased and PF demand surged in Eastern European and Asian countries, including China, their influences on P trade network grew. (3) With the development of the P chemical industry, China has transitioned from a net importer of P products to a major exporter. The political risk associated with trading partners and market concentration significantly impacts China’s trade and security. It is crucial to improve the diversity of trading partners and enhance trade relations with politically stable countries (regions). [Conclusion] This article argued that it is necessary to actively promote the sustainable management of P resources and long-term sustainable development of the P industry. It emphasized the necessity of conservation and optimal use of P resources. China should enhance its trade relations with major P resource countries to improve the long-term P security. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:34:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f808250de794a498f0a008398d35cfa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1007-7588 |
| language | zho |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:34:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Science Press, PR China |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ziyuan Kexue |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f808250de794a498f0a008398d35cfa2024-02-06T01:49:38ZzhoScience Press, PR ChinaZiyuan Kexue1007-75882024-01-01461859910.18402/resci.2024.01.07Evolution of global phosphorus products trade pattern and China’s phosphorus import and export securityCHEN Yuran, CHEN Minpeng0School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China[Objective] As a non-renewable resource, phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in agricultural development and food security. It is important to examine the characteristics of change of P products trade pattern, which contributes to understanding China’s position in the global P products market as well as reinforcing the P security of China. [Methods] Based on the complex network analysis, this study constructed a global P trade network from 1990 to 2020 and analyzed its globalization level, trade reciprocity, and national connectivity patterns. Furthermore, this study examined the evolution of centrality of major importing and exporting countries (regions). It also developed indicators to evaluate the security for China’s P products trade. [Results] The results indicate the following: (1) Globalization has notably increased the activity within the P products trade network, which is primarily composed of processed phosphate products, including phosphate fertilizer (PF). Trade reciprocity has grown by more than 30%, fostering improved trade relations and enhanced international cooperation. However, the unbalanced trade structure has led many countries (regions) to heavily rely on major exporting countries (regions). Therefore, the stability of export policies is crucial for ensuring global P products supply. (2) In the 1990s, the major trading countries included exporters with high P reserves and production capacity (Morocco, USA), and importers with low P reserves and high demand (Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Thailand, Malaysia, etc.). Since 2006, as the production of phosphate rock (PR) increased and PF demand surged in Eastern European and Asian countries, including China, their influences on P trade network grew. (3) With the development of the P chemical industry, China has transitioned from a net importer of P products to a major exporter. The political risk associated with trading partners and market concentration significantly impacts China’s trade and security. It is crucial to improve the diversity of trading partners and enhance trade relations with politically stable countries (regions). [Conclusion] This article argued that it is necessary to actively promote the sustainable management of P resources and long-term sustainable development of the P industry. It emphasized the necessity of conservation and optimal use of P resources. China should enhance its trade relations with major P resource countries to improve the long-term P security.https://www.resci.cn/fileup/1007-7588/PDF/1706856532832-616369926.pdf|phosphorus resources|global trade|complex network|modularity|reciprocity|node centrality|phosphorus security|china |
| spellingShingle | CHEN Yuran, CHEN Minpeng Evolution of global phosphorus products trade pattern and China’s phosphorus import and export security Ziyuan Kexue |phosphorus resources|global trade|complex network|modularity|reciprocity|node centrality|phosphorus security|china |
| title | Evolution of global phosphorus products trade pattern and China’s phosphorus import and export security |
| title_full | Evolution of global phosphorus products trade pattern and China’s phosphorus import and export security |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of global phosphorus products trade pattern and China’s phosphorus import and export security |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of global phosphorus products trade pattern and China’s phosphorus import and export security |
| title_short | Evolution of global phosphorus products trade pattern and China’s phosphorus import and export security |
| title_sort | evolution of global phosphorus products trade pattern and china s phosphorus import and export security |
| topic | |phosphorus resources|global trade|complex network|modularity|reciprocity|node centrality|phosphorus security|china |
| url | https://www.resci.cn/fileup/1007-7588/PDF/1706856532832-616369926.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chenyuranchenminpeng evolutionofglobalphosphorusproductstradepatternandchinasphosphorusimportandexportsecurity |