In Vitro or In Vivo Models, the Next Frontier for Unraveling Interactions between <i>Malassezia</i> spp. and Hosts. How Much Do We Know?
<i>Malassezia</i> is a lipid-dependent genus of yeasts known for being an important part of the skin mycobiota. These yeasts have been associated with the development of skin disorders and cataloged as a causal agent of systemic infections under specific conditions, making them opportuni...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-08-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/3/155 |
| _version_ | 1797555339237785600 |
|---|---|
| author | Maritza Torres Hans de Cock Adriana Marcela Celis Ramírez |
| author_facet | Maritza Torres Hans de Cock Adriana Marcela Celis Ramírez |
| author_sort | Maritza Torres |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Malassezia</i> is a lipid-dependent genus of yeasts known for being an important part of the skin mycobiota. These yeasts have been associated with the development of skin disorders and cataloged as a causal agent of systemic infections under specific conditions, making them opportunistic pathogens. Little is known about the host–microbe interactions of <i>Malassezia</i> spp., and unraveling this implies the implementation of infection models. In this mini review, we present different models that have been implemented in fungal infections studies with greater attention to <i>Malassezia</i> spp. infections. These models range from in vitro (cell cultures and ex vivo tissue), to in vivo (murine models, rabbits, guinea pigs, insects, nematodes, and amoebas). We additionally highlight the alternative models that reduce the use of mammals as model organisms, which have been gaining importance in the study of fungal host–microbe interactions. This is due to the fact that these systems have been shown to have reliable results, which correlate with those obtained from mammalian models. Examples of alternative models are <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, <i>Tenebrio molitor</i>, and <i>Galleria mellonella</i>. These are invertebrates that have been implemented in the study of <i>Malassezia</i> spp. infections in order to identify differences in virulence between <i>Malassezia</i> species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:45:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f81256c196c49abbf1583fbbbf0bbd7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:45:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f81256c196c49abbf1583fbbbf0bbd72023-11-20T11:40:54ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2020-08-016315510.3390/jof6030155In Vitro or In Vivo Models, the Next Frontier for Unraveling Interactions between <i>Malassezia</i> spp. and Hosts. How Much Do We Know?Maritza Torres0Hans de Cock1Adriana Marcela Celis Ramírez2Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 N° 18A—12, Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 11711, ColombiaMicrobiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The NetherlandsGrupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 N° 18A—12, Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 11711, Colombia<i>Malassezia</i> is a lipid-dependent genus of yeasts known for being an important part of the skin mycobiota. These yeasts have been associated with the development of skin disorders and cataloged as a causal agent of systemic infections under specific conditions, making them opportunistic pathogens. Little is known about the host–microbe interactions of <i>Malassezia</i> spp., and unraveling this implies the implementation of infection models. In this mini review, we present different models that have been implemented in fungal infections studies with greater attention to <i>Malassezia</i> spp. infections. These models range from in vitro (cell cultures and ex vivo tissue), to in vivo (murine models, rabbits, guinea pigs, insects, nematodes, and amoebas). We additionally highlight the alternative models that reduce the use of mammals as model organisms, which have been gaining importance in the study of fungal host–microbe interactions. This is due to the fact that these systems have been shown to have reliable results, which correlate with those obtained from mammalian models. Examples of alternative models are <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, <i>Tenebrio molitor</i>, and <i>Galleria mellonella</i>. These are invertebrates that have been implemented in the study of <i>Malassezia</i> spp. infections in order to identify differences in virulence between <i>Malassezia</i> species.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/3/155in vitroin vivoanimal model<i>Malassezia</i>infectionhost–pathogen interaction |
| spellingShingle | Maritza Torres Hans de Cock Adriana Marcela Celis Ramírez In Vitro or In Vivo Models, the Next Frontier for Unraveling Interactions between <i>Malassezia</i> spp. and Hosts. How Much Do We Know? Journal of Fungi in vitro in vivo animal model <i>Malassezia</i> infection host–pathogen interaction |
| title | In Vitro or In Vivo Models, the Next Frontier for Unraveling Interactions between <i>Malassezia</i> spp. and Hosts. How Much Do We Know? |
| title_full | In Vitro or In Vivo Models, the Next Frontier for Unraveling Interactions between <i>Malassezia</i> spp. and Hosts. How Much Do We Know? |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro or In Vivo Models, the Next Frontier for Unraveling Interactions between <i>Malassezia</i> spp. and Hosts. How Much Do We Know? |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro or In Vivo Models, the Next Frontier for Unraveling Interactions between <i>Malassezia</i> spp. and Hosts. How Much Do We Know? |
| title_short | In Vitro or In Vivo Models, the Next Frontier for Unraveling Interactions between <i>Malassezia</i> spp. and Hosts. How Much Do We Know? |
| title_sort | in vitro or in vivo models the next frontier for unraveling interactions between i malassezia i spp and hosts how much do we know |
| topic | in vitro in vivo animal model <i>Malassezia</i> infection host–pathogen interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/3/155 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maritzatorres invitroorinvivomodelsthenextfrontierforunravelinginteractionsbetweenimalasseziaisppandhostshowmuchdoweknow AT hansdecock invitroorinvivomodelsthenextfrontierforunravelinginteractionsbetweenimalasseziaisppandhostshowmuchdoweknow AT adrianamarcelacelisramirez invitroorinvivomodelsthenextfrontierforunravelinginteractionsbetweenimalasseziaisppandhostshowmuchdoweknow |