Alternations in Physiological and Phytochemical Parameters of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Varieties in Response to Amino Acid Fertilizer and Plasma Activated-Water Treatments
Plasma-activated water (PAW) is an emerging and promising green technology in agriculture in recent years. This study aimed to examine the influence of the spraying of PAW and amino acid fertilizer concentrations on German chamomile varieties’ physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical characteri...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/8/857 |
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| author | Malihe Omrani Mojtaba Ghasemi Mohammad Modarresi Ivan Salamon |
| author_facet | Malihe Omrani Mojtaba Ghasemi Mohammad Modarresi Ivan Salamon |
| author_sort | Malihe Omrani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plasma-activated water (PAW) is an emerging and promising green technology in agriculture in recent years. This study aimed to examine the influence of the spraying of PAW and amino acid fertilizer concentrations on German chamomile varieties’ physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical characteristics under field conditions. Method: The experiment was performed during 2020–2021 as a factorial using a randomized complete block design with three replications in an arid and semi-arid region east of the Persian Gulf. The factors contained five fertilizer levels (0 (control), 1, 2, 3 mL L<sup>−1</sup> amino acid and PAW) and three German chamomile cultivars Bona, Bodegold, and Lianka). Physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical traits such as plant height, fresh and dried flower weight, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, CHN elements: N ratio, total protein, amino acid profile, essential oil yield, apigenin content, and major secondary metabolites were examined. Results: The ANOVA indicated that the impact of the cultivar and fertilizer was significant on all physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical studied parameters. The amino acid fertilizer and PAW enhanced physiological features, hydrogen, C: N ratio, essential oil yield, apigenin content, and main phytochemical compositions like chamazulene, and α-bisabolol, but it had no incremental effect on the carbon, nitrogen, and total protein percentage. Conclusion: Findings revealed that applying foliar amino acid fertilizer and PAW treatments improves physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical parameters in German chamomile cultivars under field conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:54:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f8c9b46d6fb45b5bcbfbcac88dcb19a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:54:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f8c9b46d6fb45b5bcbfbcac88dcb19a2023-11-19T01:20:43ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-07-019885710.3390/horticulturae9080857Alternations in Physiological and Phytochemical Parameters of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Varieties in Response to Amino Acid Fertilizer and Plasma Activated-Water TreatmentsMalihe Omrani0Mojtaba Ghasemi1Mohammad Modarresi2Ivan Salamon3Department of Biotechnology, The Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, IranDepartment of Biotechnology, The Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, IranDepartment of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, IranDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 08001 Prešov, SlovakiaPlasma-activated water (PAW) is an emerging and promising green technology in agriculture in recent years. This study aimed to examine the influence of the spraying of PAW and amino acid fertilizer concentrations on German chamomile varieties’ physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical characteristics under field conditions. Method: The experiment was performed during 2020–2021 as a factorial using a randomized complete block design with three replications in an arid and semi-arid region east of the Persian Gulf. The factors contained five fertilizer levels (0 (control), 1, 2, 3 mL L<sup>−1</sup> amino acid and PAW) and three German chamomile cultivars Bona, Bodegold, and Lianka). Physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical traits such as plant height, fresh and dried flower weight, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, CHN elements: N ratio, total protein, amino acid profile, essential oil yield, apigenin content, and major secondary metabolites were examined. Results: The ANOVA indicated that the impact of the cultivar and fertilizer was significant on all physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical studied parameters. The amino acid fertilizer and PAW enhanced physiological features, hydrogen, C: N ratio, essential oil yield, apigenin content, and main phytochemical compositions like chamazulene, and α-bisabolol, but it had no incremental effect on the carbon, nitrogen, and total protein percentage. Conclusion: Findings revealed that applying foliar amino acid fertilizer and PAW treatments improves physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical parameters in German chamomile cultivars under field conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/8/857apigeninchamomileessential oilfuego basemetabolomicsplasma-activated water |
| spellingShingle | Malihe Omrani Mojtaba Ghasemi Mohammad Modarresi Ivan Salamon Alternations in Physiological and Phytochemical Parameters of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Varieties in Response to Amino Acid Fertilizer and Plasma Activated-Water Treatments Horticulturae apigenin chamomile essential oil fuego base metabolomics plasma-activated water |
| title | Alternations in Physiological and Phytochemical Parameters of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Varieties in Response to Amino Acid Fertilizer and Plasma Activated-Water Treatments |
| title_full | Alternations in Physiological and Phytochemical Parameters of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Varieties in Response to Amino Acid Fertilizer and Plasma Activated-Water Treatments |
| title_fullStr | Alternations in Physiological and Phytochemical Parameters of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Varieties in Response to Amino Acid Fertilizer and Plasma Activated-Water Treatments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alternations in Physiological and Phytochemical Parameters of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Varieties in Response to Amino Acid Fertilizer and Plasma Activated-Water Treatments |
| title_short | Alternations in Physiological and Phytochemical Parameters of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Varieties in Response to Amino Acid Fertilizer and Plasma Activated-Water Treatments |
| title_sort | alternations in physiological and phytochemical parameters of german chamomile i matricaria chamomilla i l varieties in response to amino acid fertilizer and plasma activated water treatments |
| topic | apigenin chamomile essential oil fuego base metabolomics plasma-activated water |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/8/857 |
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