The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards
Considering that electronic wastes (e-wastes) have been recently recognized as a potent environmental and human threat, the present study aimed to assess the potential risk of personal computer motherboards (PCMBs) leaching into aquatic media, following a real-life scenario. Specifically, PCMBs were...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/7/166 |
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| author | Georgios Kalamaras Maria Kloukinioti Maria Antonopoulou Ioanna Ntaikou Dimitris Vlastos Antonios Eleftherianos Stefanos Dailianis |
| author_facet | Georgios Kalamaras Maria Kloukinioti Maria Antonopoulou Ioanna Ntaikou Dimitris Vlastos Antonios Eleftherianos Stefanos Dailianis |
| author_sort | Georgios Kalamaras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Considering that electronic wastes (e-wastes) have been recently recognized as a potent environmental and human threat, the present study aimed to assess the potential risk of personal computer motherboards (PCMBs) leaching into aquatic media, following a real-life scenario. Specifically, PCMBs were submerged for 30 days in both distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (ASW). Afterwards, PCMBs leachates were chemically characterized (i.e., total organic carbon, ions, and trace elements) and finally used (a) for culturing freshwater (<i>Chlorococcum</i> sp. and <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i>) and saltwater (<i>Dunaliella tertiolecta</i> and <i>Tisochrysis lutea</i>) microalgae for 10 days (240 h), (b) as the exposure medium for mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> (96 h exposure), and (c) for performing the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human lymphocytes cultures. According to the results, PCMBs could mediate both fresh- and marine algae growth rates over time, thus enhancing the cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic effects in the hemocytes of mussels (in terms of lysosomal membrane impairment, lipid peroxidation, and NO content and micronuclei formation, respectively), as well as human lymphocytes (in terms of MN formation and CBPI values, respectively). The current findings clearly revealed that PCMBs leaching into the aquatic media could pose detrimental effects on both aquatic organisms and human cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:20:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9f99d0b803ee46348c880c159fce83ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:20:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9f99d0b803ee46348c880c159fce83ed2023-11-22T05:10:35ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-07-019716610.3390/toxics9070166The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer MotherboardsGeorgios Kalamaras0Maria Kloukinioti1Maria Antonopoulou2Ioanna Ntaikou3Dimitris Vlastos4Antonios Eleftherianos5Stefanos Dailianis6Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Rio-Patra, GreeceDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Rio-Patra, GreeceDepartment of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (ICEHT/FORTH), 10 Stadiou st., Platani, GR-26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, GreeceAkrokeramos Sewerage Laboratory, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYDAP SA), GR-18755 Keratsini, GreeceDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Rio-Patra, GreeceConsidering that electronic wastes (e-wastes) have been recently recognized as a potent environmental and human threat, the present study aimed to assess the potential risk of personal computer motherboards (PCMBs) leaching into aquatic media, following a real-life scenario. Specifically, PCMBs were submerged for 30 days in both distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (ASW). Afterwards, PCMBs leachates were chemically characterized (i.e., total organic carbon, ions, and trace elements) and finally used (a) for culturing freshwater (<i>Chlorococcum</i> sp. and <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i>) and saltwater (<i>Dunaliella tertiolecta</i> and <i>Tisochrysis lutea</i>) microalgae for 10 days (240 h), (b) as the exposure medium for mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> (96 h exposure), and (c) for performing the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human lymphocytes cultures. According to the results, PCMBs could mediate both fresh- and marine algae growth rates over time, thus enhancing the cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic effects in the hemocytes of mussels (in terms of lysosomal membrane impairment, lipid peroxidation, and NO content and micronuclei formation, respectively), as well as human lymphocytes (in terms of MN formation and CBPI values, respectively). The current findings clearly revealed that PCMBs leaching into the aquatic media could pose detrimental effects on both aquatic organisms and human cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/7/166algaee-wastegenotoxicityhemocyteshuman lymphocytesleachates |
| spellingShingle | Georgios Kalamaras Maria Kloukinioti Maria Antonopoulou Ioanna Ntaikou Dimitris Vlastos Antonios Eleftherianos Stefanos Dailianis The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards Toxics algae e-waste genotoxicity hemocytes human lymphocytes leachates |
| title | The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards |
| title_full | The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards |
| title_fullStr | The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards |
| title_short | The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards |
| title_sort | potential risk of electronic waste disposal into aquatic media the case of personal computer motherboards |
| topic | algae e-waste genotoxicity hemocytes human lymphocytes leachates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/7/166 |
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