Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Uncertainty Analysis of the Mass Eruption Rate Associated With the 3–5 December 2015 Paroxysms of Mt. Etna
During explosive eruptions, the real-time estimation of the mass eruption rate (MER) is challenging although crucial to mitigate the impact of erupted tephra. Microwave radar techniques at L- and/or X-bands, as well as thermal infrared imagery, can provide a reliable MER estimation in rea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9645231/ |
| _version_ | 1797947274040442880 |
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| author | Luigi Mereu Simona Scollo Costanza Bonadonna Franck Donnadieu Valentin Freret-Lorgeril Frank S. Marzano |
| author_facet | Luigi Mereu Simona Scollo Costanza Bonadonna Franck Donnadieu Valentin Freret-Lorgeril Frank S. Marzano |
| author_sort | Luigi Mereu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During explosive eruptions, the real-time estimation of the mass eruption rate (MER) is challenging although crucial to mitigate the impact of erupted tephra. Microwave radar techniques at L- and/or X-bands, as well as thermal infrared imagery, can provide a reliable MER estimation in real time. Using lava fountains of 3–5 December 2015 at Mt. Etna (Italy) as test cases, we investigate the differences amongall these remote sensing methods and introduce a new approach, called the near source approach (NSA) using only X-band radar data. We also extend the volcanic advanced radar retrieval methodology to estimate the gas-tephra mixture density near the volcanic crater. The analysis of uncertainty is carried out comparing the NSA with the mass continuity approach (MCA), top plume approach (TPA) and surface flux approach (SFA), already used to estimate the MER of other Etna explosive events. The analysis allows us to identify the optimal real-time MER retrieval strategy, showing the potential and limitations of each method. We show that the MCA method, entirely based on the X-band radar data processing, is the best strategy with a percentage uncertainty in the MER estimation of 22.3%, whereas other approaches exhibit a higher uncertainty (26.4% for NSA, 30% for TPA, and 31.6% for SFA). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:25:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9fa513b515e44cf4872b0f11a60f3fb4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2151-1535 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:25:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-9fa513b515e44cf4872b0f11a60f3fb42023-01-20T00:00:15ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing2151-15352022-01-011550451810.1109/JSTARS.2021.31339469645231Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Uncertainty Analysis of the Mass Eruption Rate Associated With the 3–5 December 2015 Paroxysms of Mt. EtnaLuigi Mereu0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0303-1171Simona Scollo1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8704-8629Costanza Bonadonna2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2368-2193Franck Donnadieu3Valentin Freret-Lorgeril4Frank S. Marzano5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-204XDipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo, Catania, ItalyDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandUniversité Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandDipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDuring explosive eruptions, the real-time estimation of the mass eruption rate (MER) is challenging although crucial to mitigate the impact of erupted tephra. Microwave radar techniques at L- and/or X-bands, as well as thermal infrared imagery, can provide a reliable MER estimation in real time. Using lava fountains of 3–5 December 2015 at Mt. Etna (Italy) as test cases, we investigate the differences amongall these remote sensing methods and introduce a new approach, called the near source approach (NSA) using only X-band radar data. We also extend the volcanic advanced radar retrieval methodology to estimate the gas-tephra mixture density near the volcanic crater. The analysis of uncertainty is carried out comparing the NSA with the mass continuity approach (MCA), top plume approach (TPA) and surface flux approach (SFA), already used to estimate the MER of other Etna explosive events. The analysis allows us to identify the optimal real-time MER retrieval strategy, showing the potential and limitations of each method. We show that the MCA method, entirely based on the X-band radar data processing, is the best strategy with a percentage uncertainty in the MER estimation of 22.3%, whereas other approaches exhibit a higher uncertainty (26.4% for NSA, 30% for TPA, and 31.6% for SFA).https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9645231/Explosive eruptionsgas-tephra mixture densitylava fountainsmass eruption rate (MER)radar and thermal dataretrieval techniques |
| spellingShingle | Luigi Mereu Simona Scollo Costanza Bonadonna Franck Donnadieu Valentin Freret-Lorgeril Frank S. Marzano Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Uncertainty Analysis of the Mass Eruption Rate Associated With the 3–5 December 2015 Paroxysms of Mt. Etna IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing Explosive eruptions gas-tephra mixture density lava fountains mass eruption rate (MER) radar and thermal data retrieval techniques |
| title | Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Uncertainty Analysis of the Mass Eruption Rate Associated With the 3–5 December 2015 Paroxysms of Mt. Etna |
| title_full | Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Uncertainty Analysis of the Mass Eruption Rate Associated With the 3–5 December 2015 Paroxysms of Mt. Etna |
| title_fullStr | Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Uncertainty Analysis of the Mass Eruption Rate Associated With the 3–5 December 2015 Paroxysms of Mt. Etna |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Uncertainty Analysis of the Mass Eruption Rate Associated With the 3–5 December 2015 Paroxysms of Mt. Etna |
| title_short | Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Uncertainty Analysis of the Mass Eruption Rate Associated With the 3–5 December 2015 Paroxysms of Mt. Etna |
| title_sort | ground based remote sensing and uncertainty analysis of the mass eruption rate associated with the 3 x2013 5 december 2015 paroxysms of mt etna |
| topic | Explosive eruptions gas-tephra mixture density lava fountains mass eruption rate (MER) radar and thermal data retrieval techniques |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9645231/ |
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