Comparative Genomics of <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i> A* Pathotype Reveals Three Distinct Clades with Varying Plasmid Distribution
Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) is an important disease of citrus cultivars worldwide that causes blister-like lesions on host plants and leads to more severe symptoms such as plant defoliation and premature fruit drop. The causative agent, <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/1947 |
| _version_ | 1797545386672390144 |
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| author | John Webster Daniel Bogema Toni A. Chapman |
| author_facet | John Webster Daniel Bogema Toni A. Chapman |
| author_sort | John Webster |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) is an important disease of citrus cultivars worldwide that causes blister-like lesions on host plants and leads to more severe symptoms such as plant defoliation and premature fruit drop. The causative agent, <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i>, exists as three pathotypes—A, A*, and A<sup>w</sup>—which differ in their host range and elicited host response. To date, comparative analyses have been hampered by the lack of closed genomes for the A* pathotype. In this study, we sequenced and assembled six CBC isolates of pathotype A* using second- and third-generation sequencing technologies to produce complete, closed assemblies. Analysis of these genomes and reference A, A*, and A<sup>w</sup> sequences revealed genetic groups within the A* pathotype. Investigation of accessory genomes revealed virulence factors, including type IV secretion systems and heavy metal resistance genes, differentiating the genetic groups. Genomic comparisons of closed genome assemblies also provided plasmid distribution information for the three genetic groups of A*. The genomes presented here complement existing closed genomes of A and A<sup>w</sup> pathotypes that are publicly available and open opportunities to investigate the evolution of <i>X. citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i> and the virulence factors that contribute to this serious pathogen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:14:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9fafd783411f4d63867fcdfe43221d09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:14:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-9fafd783411f4d63867fcdfe43221d092023-11-20T23:55:29ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-12-01812194710.3390/microorganisms8121947Comparative Genomics of <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i> A* Pathotype Reveals Three Distinct Clades with Varying Plasmid DistributionJohn Webster0Daniel Bogema1Toni A. Chapman2NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute PMB 4008, Narellan, NSW 2570, AustraliaNSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute PMB 4008, Narellan, NSW 2570, AustraliaNSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute PMB 4008, Narellan, NSW 2570, AustraliaCitrus bacterial canker (CBC) is an important disease of citrus cultivars worldwide that causes blister-like lesions on host plants and leads to more severe symptoms such as plant defoliation and premature fruit drop. The causative agent, <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i>, exists as three pathotypes—A, A*, and A<sup>w</sup>—which differ in their host range and elicited host response. To date, comparative analyses have been hampered by the lack of closed genomes for the A* pathotype. In this study, we sequenced and assembled six CBC isolates of pathotype A* using second- and third-generation sequencing technologies to produce complete, closed assemblies. Analysis of these genomes and reference A, A*, and A<sup>w</sup> sequences revealed genetic groups within the A* pathotype. Investigation of accessory genomes revealed virulence factors, including type IV secretion systems and heavy metal resistance genes, differentiating the genetic groups. Genomic comparisons of closed genome assemblies also provided plasmid distribution information for the three genetic groups of A*. The genomes presented here complement existing closed genomes of A and A<sup>w</sup> pathotypes that are publicly available and open opportunities to investigate the evolution of <i>X. citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i> and the virulence factors that contribute to this serious pathogen.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/1947<i>Xanthomonas citri</i>A* pathotypeplasmidcomplete genomepan-genomephylogenomics |
| spellingShingle | John Webster Daniel Bogema Toni A. Chapman Comparative Genomics of <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i> A* Pathotype Reveals Three Distinct Clades with Varying Plasmid Distribution Microorganisms <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> A* pathotype plasmid complete genome pan-genome phylogenomics |
| title | Comparative Genomics of <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i> A* Pathotype Reveals Three Distinct Clades with Varying Plasmid Distribution |
| title_full | Comparative Genomics of <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i> A* Pathotype Reveals Three Distinct Clades with Varying Plasmid Distribution |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Genomics of <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i> A* Pathotype Reveals Three Distinct Clades with Varying Plasmid Distribution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Genomics of <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i> A* Pathotype Reveals Three Distinct Clades with Varying Plasmid Distribution |
| title_short | Comparative Genomics of <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i> A* Pathotype Reveals Three Distinct Clades with Varying Plasmid Distribution |
| title_sort | comparative genomics of i xanthomonas citri i pv i citri i a pathotype reveals three distinct clades with varying plasmid distribution |
| topic | <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> A* pathotype plasmid complete genome pan-genome phylogenomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/1947 |
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