A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced Immunosuppression
The immune function is closely related to iron (Fe) homeostasis and allostasis. The aim of this bioinformatics-assisted review was twofold; (i) to update the current knowledge of Fe metabolism and its relationship to the immune system, and (ii) to perform a prediction analysis of regulatory network...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/3/724 |
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| author | Diego A. Bonilla Yurany Moreno Jorge L. Petro Diego A. Forero Salvador Vargas-Molina Adrián Odriozola-Martínez Carlos A. Orozco Jeffrey R. Stout Eric S. Rawson Richard B. Kreider |
| author_facet | Diego A. Bonilla Yurany Moreno Jorge L. Petro Diego A. Forero Salvador Vargas-Molina Adrián Odriozola-Martínez Carlos A. Orozco Jeffrey R. Stout Eric S. Rawson Richard B. Kreider |
| author_sort | Diego A. Bonilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The immune function is closely related to iron (Fe) homeostasis and allostasis. The aim of this bioinformatics-assisted review was twofold; (i) to update the current knowledge of Fe metabolism and its relationship to the immune system, and (ii) to perform a prediction analysis of regulatory network hubs that might serve as potential biomarkers during stress-induced immunosuppression. Several literature and bioinformatics databases/repositories were utilized to review Fe metabolism and complement the molecular description of prioritized proteins. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was used to build a protein-protein interactions network for subsequent network topology analysis. Importantly, Fe is a sensitive double-edged sword where two extremes of its nutritional status may have harmful effects on innate and adaptive immunity. We identified clearly connected important hubs that belong to two clusters: (i) presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system with the involvement of redox reactions of Fe, heme, and Fe trafficking/transport; and (ii) ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation processes of proteins related to Fe metabolism in immune cells (e.g., macrophages). The identified potential biomarkers were in agreement with the current experimental evidence, are included in several immunological/biomarkers databases, and/or are emerging genetic markers for different stressful conditions. Although further validation is warranted, this hybrid method (human-machine collaboration) to extract meaningful biological applications using available data in literature and bioinformatics tools should be highlighted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:49:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9fb4f40efd23453cb506acf7ded93b32 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:49:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-9fb4f40efd23453cb506acf7ded93b322023-11-30T20:53:37ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-03-0110372410.3390/biomedicines10030724A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced ImmunosuppressionDiego A. Bonilla0Yurany Moreno1Jorge L. Petro2Diego A. Forero3Salvador Vargas-Molina4Adrián Odriozola-Martínez5Carlos A. Orozco6Jeffrey R. Stout7Eric S. Rawson8Richard B. Kreider9Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, ColombiaResearch Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, ColombiaResearch Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, ColombiaHealth and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, ColombiaFaculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, SpainSport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, SpainHealth and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, ColombiaPhysiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USADepartment of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USAExercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAThe immune function is closely related to iron (Fe) homeostasis and allostasis. The aim of this bioinformatics-assisted review was twofold; (i) to update the current knowledge of Fe metabolism and its relationship to the immune system, and (ii) to perform a prediction analysis of regulatory network hubs that might serve as potential biomarkers during stress-induced immunosuppression. Several literature and bioinformatics databases/repositories were utilized to review Fe metabolism and complement the molecular description of prioritized proteins. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was used to build a protein-protein interactions network for subsequent network topology analysis. Importantly, Fe is a sensitive double-edged sword where two extremes of its nutritional status may have harmful effects on innate and adaptive immunity. We identified clearly connected important hubs that belong to two clusters: (i) presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system with the involvement of redox reactions of Fe, heme, and Fe trafficking/transport; and (ii) ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation processes of proteins related to Fe metabolism in immune cells (e.g., macrophages). The identified potential biomarkers were in agreement with the current experimental evidence, are included in several immunological/biomarkers databases, and/or are emerging genetic markers for different stressful conditions. Although further validation is warranted, this hybrid method (human-machine collaboration) to extract meaningful biological applications using available data in literature and bioinformatics tools should be highlighted.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/3/724ferritinshemeproteinstransferrin receptormetabolic networks and pathwaysimmune systemphysiological stress response |
| spellingShingle | Diego A. Bonilla Yurany Moreno Jorge L. Petro Diego A. Forero Salvador Vargas-Molina Adrián Odriozola-Martínez Carlos A. Orozco Jeffrey R. Stout Eric S. Rawson Richard B. Kreider A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced Immunosuppression Biomedicines ferritins hemeproteins transferrin receptor metabolic networks and pathways immune system physiological stress response |
| title | A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced Immunosuppression |
| title_full | A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced Immunosuppression |
| title_fullStr | A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced Immunosuppression |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced Immunosuppression |
| title_short | A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced Immunosuppression |
| title_sort | bioinformatics assisted review on iron metabolism and immune system to identify potential biomarkers of exercise stress induced immunosuppression |
| topic | ferritins hemeproteins transferrin receptor metabolic networks and pathways immune system physiological stress response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/3/724 |
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