Mulberry Leaf Supplements Effecting Anti-Inflammatory Genes and Improving Obesity in Elderly Overweight Dogs
Overweight and obesity, associated with various health complications, refer to abnormal or excessive fat accumulation conditions that harm health. Like humans, obesity is a growing problem in dogs, which may increase the risk of serious diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Mulberry leaf has shown p...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/15215 |
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| author | Miey Park Varun Jaiswal Kihyun Kim Julan Chun Mi-Jin Lee Jae-Ho Shin Hae-Jeung Lee |
| author_facet | Miey Park Varun Jaiswal Kihyun Kim Julan Chun Mi-Jin Lee Jae-Ho Shin Hae-Jeung Lee |
| author_sort | Miey Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Overweight and obesity, associated with various health complications, refer to abnormal or excessive fat accumulation conditions that harm health. Like humans, obesity is a growing problem in dogs, which may increase the risk of serious diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Mulberry leaf has shown potential anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects in several studies. Our research studied the impact of mulberry leaf supplements in healthy old overweight dogs for 12 weeks. Blood and fecal samples were collected from the dogs before and after treatment for different analyses, including whole transcriptome and gut microbiome analysis. The Body Condition Score (BCS) and blood glucose levels were significantly decreased in all mulberry treatment groups, which justifies the anti-obesity effect of mulberry leaf in dogs. Throughout the whole transcriptome study, the downregulation of <i>PTX3</i> and upregulation of <i>PDCD-1</i>, <i>TNFRSF1B</i>, <i>RUNX3</i>, and <i>TICAM1</i> genes in the high mulberry group were found, which have been associated with anti-inflammatory effects in the literature. It may be an essential gene expression mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory and, subsequently, anti-obesity effects associated with mulberry leaf treatment, as confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. In microbiome analysis, <i>Papillibacter cinnamivorans</i>, related to the Mediterranean diet, which may cause anti-inflammatory effects, were abundant in the same treatment group. Further studies may be required to establish the gene expression mechanism and role of abundant bacteria in the anti-obesity effect of mulberry supplements in dogs. Overall, we propose mulberry leaves as a portion of food supplements for improving blood glucose levels and the anti-inflammation of blood in companion dogs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:44:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9fb6079412d44e40be417f3e813d6da0 |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:44:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9fb6079412d44e40be417f3e813d6da02023-11-24T11:15:13ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-12-0123231521510.3390/ijms232315215Mulberry Leaf Supplements Effecting Anti-Inflammatory Genes and Improving Obesity in Elderly Overweight DogsMiey Park0Varun Jaiswal1Kihyun Kim2Julan Chun3Mi-Jin Lee4Jae-Ho Shin5Hae-Jeung Lee6Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaAnimal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of KoreaAnimal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of KoreaMammidr Corporation, Seongnam-si 13524, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si 13135, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaOverweight and obesity, associated with various health complications, refer to abnormal or excessive fat accumulation conditions that harm health. Like humans, obesity is a growing problem in dogs, which may increase the risk of serious diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Mulberry leaf has shown potential anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects in several studies. Our research studied the impact of mulberry leaf supplements in healthy old overweight dogs for 12 weeks. Blood and fecal samples were collected from the dogs before and after treatment for different analyses, including whole transcriptome and gut microbiome analysis. The Body Condition Score (BCS) and blood glucose levels were significantly decreased in all mulberry treatment groups, which justifies the anti-obesity effect of mulberry leaf in dogs. Throughout the whole transcriptome study, the downregulation of <i>PTX3</i> and upregulation of <i>PDCD-1</i>, <i>TNFRSF1B</i>, <i>RUNX3</i>, and <i>TICAM1</i> genes in the high mulberry group were found, which have been associated with anti-inflammatory effects in the literature. It may be an essential gene expression mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory and, subsequently, anti-obesity effects associated with mulberry leaf treatment, as confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. In microbiome analysis, <i>Papillibacter cinnamivorans</i>, related to the Mediterranean diet, which may cause anti-inflammatory effects, were abundant in the same treatment group. Further studies may be required to establish the gene expression mechanism and role of abundant bacteria in the anti-obesity effect of mulberry supplements in dogs. Overall, we propose mulberry leaves as a portion of food supplements for improving blood glucose levels and the anti-inflammation of blood in companion dogs.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/15215overweightobesitycompanionmulberry leafanti-inflammation<i>Papillibacter cinnamivorans</i> |
| spellingShingle | Miey Park Varun Jaiswal Kihyun Kim Julan Chun Mi-Jin Lee Jae-Ho Shin Hae-Jeung Lee Mulberry Leaf Supplements Effecting Anti-Inflammatory Genes and Improving Obesity in Elderly Overweight Dogs International Journal of Molecular Sciences overweight obesity companion mulberry leaf anti-inflammation <i>Papillibacter cinnamivorans</i> |
| title | Mulberry Leaf Supplements Effecting Anti-Inflammatory Genes and Improving Obesity in Elderly Overweight Dogs |
| title_full | Mulberry Leaf Supplements Effecting Anti-Inflammatory Genes and Improving Obesity in Elderly Overweight Dogs |
| title_fullStr | Mulberry Leaf Supplements Effecting Anti-Inflammatory Genes and Improving Obesity in Elderly Overweight Dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mulberry Leaf Supplements Effecting Anti-Inflammatory Genes and Improving Obesity in Elderly Overweight Dogs |
| title_short | Mulberry Leaf Supplements Effecting Anti-Inflammatory Genes and Improving Obesity in Elderly Overweight Dogs |
| title_sort | mulberry leaf supplements effecting anti inflammatory genes and improving obesity in elderly overweight dogs |
| topic | overweight obesity companion mulberry leaf anti-inflammation <i>Papillibacter cinnamivorans</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/15215 |
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