Effect of Spent Mushroom (<em>Cordyceps militaris</em>) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Microflora in Weaning Pigs
There are limited published reports regarding the optimal dosage of spent mushroom. This study investigated the effect of various levels of spent mushroom derived from <i>C. militaris</i> as an alternative growth promoter to an in-feed antibiotic on the growth performance, blood profiles...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2360 |
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| author | Waewaree Boontiam Chalong Wachirapakorn Pheeraphong Phaengphairee Suchat Wattanachai |
| author_facet | Waewaree Boontiam Chalong Wachirapakorn Pheeraphong Phaengphairee Suchat Wattanachai |
| author_sort | Waewaree Boontiam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There are limited published reports regarding the optimal dosage of spent mushroom. This study investigated the effect of various levels of spent mushroom derived from <i>C. militaris</i> as an alternative growth promoter to an in-feed antibiotic on the growth performance, blood profiles, immunoglobulin, inflammation, and microbial count of weaning pigs. A total of 120 pigs (6.63 ± 0.13 kg initial body weight) were blocked by weight and sex in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had six replicates of four pigs each. The pigs were allotted into five treatments: (1) positive control (PC) with 150 mg/kg colistin; (2) negative control (NC) without antibiotic inclusion; and (3–5) negative control groups with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg of <i>C. militaris</i>s pent mushroom (SM), respectively. Blood samples were collected at day 35 for determination of blood-related lipid metabolism and immunity. Fresh fecal samples were collected to examine microbial counts on day 35 postweaning. The results showed that SM at 1.5 g/kg improved the body weight, average daily weight gain, and average daily feed intake of weaning pigs in the overall period (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, the highest dosage of SM caused improvements in the concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, and immunoglobulin A, along with suppressions of total cholesterol, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and <i>E. coli</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Therefore, the weaned pigs fed a 1.5 g/kg SM diet showed improved growth performance and displayed greater immunoglobulin secretion and lower inflammation, pathogenic population, and cholesterol concentration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:11:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9fc62a13223b4d50b9cd209a08fb7279 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:11:56Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-9fc62a13223b4d50b9cd209a08fb72792023-11-21T00:09:13ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-12-011012236010.3390/ani10122360Effect of Spent Mushroom (<em>Cordyceps militaris</em>) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Microflora in Weaning PigsWaewaree Boontiam0Chalong Wachirapakorn1Pheeraphong Phaengphairee2Suchat Wattanachai3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandThere are limited published reports regarding the optimal dosage of spent mushroom. This study investigated the effect of various levels of spent mushroom derived from <i>C. militaris</i> as an alternative growth promoter to an in-feed antibiotic on the growth performance, blood profiles, immunoglobulin, inflammation, and microbial count of weaning pigs. A total of 120 pigs (6.63 ± 0.13 kg initial body weight) were blocked by weight and sex in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had six replicates of four pigs each. The pigs were allotted into five treatments: (1) positive control (PC) with 150 mg/kg colistin; (2) negative control (NC) without antibiotic inclusion; and (3–5) negative control groups with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg of <i>C. militaris</i>s pent mushroom (SM), respectively. Blood samples were collected at day 35 for determination of blood-related lipid metabolism and immunity. Fresh fecal samples were collected to examine microbial counts on day 35 postweaning. The results showed that SM at 1.5 g/kg improved the body weight, average daily weight gain, and average daily feed intake of weaning pigs in the overall period (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, the highest dosage of SM caused improvements in the concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, and immunoglobulin A, along with suppressions of total cholesterol, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and <i>E. coli</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Therefore, the weaned pigs fed a 1.5 g/kg SM diet showed improved growth performance and displayed greater immunoglobulin secretion and lower inflammation, pathogenic population, and cholesterol concentration.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2360spent mushroomgrowth performanceimmunityinflammationmicrobial populationweaned pigs |
| spellingShingle | Waewaree Boontiam Chalong Wachirapakorn Pheeraphong Phaengphairee Suchat Wattanachai Effect of Spent Mushroom (<em>Cordyceps militaris</em>) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Microflora in Weaning Pigs Animals spent mushroom growth performance immunity inflammation microbial population weaned pigs |
| title | Effect of Spent Mushroom (<em>Cordyceps militaris</em>) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Microflora in Weaning Pigs |
| title_full | Effect of Spent Mushroom (<em>Cordyceps militaris</em>) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Microflora in Weaning Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Spent Mushroom (<em>Cordyceps militaris</em>) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Microflora in Weaning Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Spent Mushroom (<em>Cordyceps militaris</em>) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Microflora in Weaning Pigs |
| title_short | Effect of Spent Mushroom (<em>Cordyceps militaris</em>) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Microflora in Weaning Pigs |
| title_sort | effect of spent mushroom em cordyceps militaris em on growth performance immunity and intestinal microflora in weaning pigs |
| topic | spent mushroom growth performance immunity inflammation microbial population weaned pigs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2360 |
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