NMR Spectroscopy Applied to the Metabolic Analysis of Natural Extracts of <em>Cannabis sativa</em>
<i>Cannabis sativa</i> is a herbaceous multiple-use species commonly employed to produce fiber, oil, and medicine. It is now becoming popular for the high nutritional properties of its seed oil and for the pharmacological activity of its cannabinoid fraction in inflorescences. The presen...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| author | Maria Francesca Colella Rosachiara Antonia Salvino Martina Gaglianò Federica Litrenta Cesare Oliviero Rossi Adolfo Le Pera Giuseppina De Luca |
| author_facet | Maria Francesca Colella Rosachiara Antonia Salvino Martina Gaglianò Federica Litrenta Cesare Oliviero Rossi Adolfo Le Pera Giuseppina De Luca |
| author_sort | Maria Francesca Colella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> is a herbaceous multiple-use species commonly employed to produce fiber, oil, and medicine. It is now becoming popular for the high nutritional properties of its seed oil and for the pharmacological activity of its cannabinoid fraction in inflorescences. The present study aims to apply nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to provide useful qualitative and quantitative information on the chemical composition of seed and flower <i>Cannabis</i> extracts obtained by ultra-sound-assisted extraction, and to evaluate NMR as an alternative to the official procedure for the quantification of cannabinoids. The estimation of the optimal ω-6/ω-3 ratio from the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum for the seed extracts of the <i>Futura 75</i> variety and the quantitative results from the <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra for the inflorescence extracts of the <i>Tiborszallasi</i> and <i>Kompolti</i> varieties demonstrate that NMR technology represents a good alternative to classical chromatography, supplying sufficiently precise, sensitive, rapid, and informative data without any sample pre-treatment. In addition, different extraction procedures were tested and evaluated to compare the elaboration of spectral data with the principal component analysis (PCA) statistical method and the quantitative NMR results: the extracts obtained with higher polarity solvents (acetone or ethanol) were poor in psychotropic agents (THC < LOD) but had an appreciable percentage of both cannabinoids and triacylgliceroles (TAGs). These bioactive-rich extracts could be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, opening new pathways for the production of functional foods and supplements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:03:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9fc89a716893425387866600a725841b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:03:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-9fc89a716893425387866600a725841b2023-11-23T14:29:58ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-05-012711350910.3390/molecules27113509NMR Spectroscopy Applied to the Metabolic Analysis of Natural Extracts of <em>Cannabis sativa</em>Maria Francesca Colella0Rosachiara Antonia Salvino1Martina Gaglianò2Federica Litrenta3Cesare Oliviero Rossi4Adolfo Le Pera5Giuseppina De Luca6Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci 14C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci 14C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci 14C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (Biomorf), University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci 14C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyCalabra Maceri e Servizi s.p.a., Via M. Polo 54, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci 14C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy<i>Cannabis sativa</i> is a herbaceous multiple-use species commonly employed to produce fiber, oil, and medicine. It is now becoming popular for the high nutritional properties of its seed oil and for the pharmacological activity of its cannabinoid fraction in inflorescences. The present study aims to apply nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to provide useful qualitative and quantitative information on the chemical composition of seed and flower <i>Cannabis</i> extracts obtained by ultra-sound-assisted extraction, and to evaluate NMR as an alternative to the official procedure for the quantification of cannabinoids. The estimation of the optimal ω-6/ω-3 ratio from the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum for the seed extracts of the <i>Futura 75</i> variety and the quantitative results from the <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra for the inflorescence extracts of the <i>Tiborszallasi</i> and <i>Kompolti</i> varieties demonstrate that NMR technology represents a good alternative to classical chromatography, supplying sufficiently precise, sensitive, rapid, and informative data without any sample pre-treatment. In addition, different extraction procedures were tested and evaluated to compare the elaboration of spectral data with the principal component analysis (PCA) statistical method and the quantitative NMR results: the extracts obtained with higher polarity solvents (acetone or ethanol) were poor in psychotropic agents (THC < LOD) but had an appreciable percentage of both cannabinoids and triacylgliceroles (TAGs). These bioactive-rich extracts could be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, opening new pathways for the production of functional foods and supplements.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/11/3509<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.cannabinoid extractionNMR spectroscopyqNMRmetabolic profileprincipal component analysis |
| spellingShingle | Maria Francesca Colella Rosachiara Antonia Salvino Martina Gaglianò Federica Litrenta Cesare Oliviero Rossi Adolfo Le Pera Giuseppina De Luca NMR Spectroscopy Applied to the Metabolic Analysis of Natural Extracts of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> Molecules <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. cannabinoid extraction NMR spectroscopy qNMR metabolic profile principal component analysis |
| title | NMR Spectroscopy Applied to the Metabolic Analysis of Natural Extracts of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> |
| title_full | NMR Spectroscopy Applied to the Metabolic Analysis of Natural Extracts of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> |
| title_fullStr | NMR Spectroscopy Applied to the Metabolic Analysis of Natural Extracts of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> |
| title_full_unstemmed | NMR Spectroscopy Applied to the Metabolic Analysis of Natural Extracts of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> |
| title_short | NMR Spectroscopy Applied to the Metabolic Analysis of Natural Extracts of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> |
| title_sort | nmr spectroscopy applied to the metabolic analysis of natural extracts of em cannabis sativa em |
| topic | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. cannabinoid extraction NMR spectroscopy qNMR metabolic profile principal component analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/11/3509 |
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