Toughening Effect of 2,5-Furandicaboxylate Polyesters on Polylactide-Based Renewable Fibers
This work presents the successful preparation and characterization of polylactide/poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA/PPF) and polylactide/poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA/PBF) blends in form of bulk and fiber samples and investigates the influence of poly(alkylene furanoate) (PAF)...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/12/4811 |
| _version_ | 1797593261475364864 |
|---|---|
| author | Giulia Fredi Edoardo Zonta Alessandro Dussin Dimitrios N. Bikiaris George Z. Papageorgiou Luca Fambri Andrea Dorigato |
| author_facet | Giulia Fredi Edoardo Zonta Alessandro Dussin Dimitrios N. Bikiaris George Z. Papageorgiou Luca Fambri Andrea Dorigato |
| author_sort | Giulia Fredi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents the successful preparation and characterization of polylactide/poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA/PPF) and polylactide/poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA/PBF) blends in form of bulk and fiber samples and investigates the influence of poly(alkylene furanoate) (PAF) concentration (0 to 20 wt%) and compatibilization on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Both blend types, although immiscible, are successfully compatibilized by Joncryl (J), which improves the interfacial adhesion and reduces the size of PPF and PBF domains. Mechanical tests on bulk samples show that only PBF is able to effectively toughen PLA, as PLA/PBF blends with 5–10 wt% PBF showed a distinct yield point, remarkable necking propagation, and increased strain at break (up to 55%), while PPF did not show significant plasticizing effects. The toughening ability of PBF is attributed to its lower glass transition temperature and greater toughness than PPF. For fiber samples, increasing the PPF and PBF amount improves the elastic modulus and mechanical strength, particularly for PBF-containing fibers collected at higher take-up speeds. Remarkably, in fiber samples, plasticizing effects are observed for both PPF and PBF, with significantly higher strain at break values compared to neat PLA (up to 455%), likely due to a further microstructural homogenization, enhanced compatibility, and load transfer between PLA and PAF phases following the fiber spinning process. SEM analysis confirms the deformation of PPF domains, which is probably due to a “plastic–rubber” transition during tensile testing. The orientation and possible crystallization of PPF and PBF domains contribute to increased tensile strength and elastic modulus. This work showcases the potential of PPF and PBF in tailoring the thermo-mechanical properties of PLA in both bulk and fiber forms, expanding their applications in the packaging and textile industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:06:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9fe3da231ea64f9fade1505d3e7894a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:06:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-9fe3da231ea64f9fade1505d3e7894a22023-11-18T11:50:41ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-06-012812481110.3390/molecules28124811Toughening Effect of 2,5-Furandicaboxylate Polyesters on Polylactide-Based Renewable FibersGiulia Fredi0Edoardo Zonta1Alessandro Dussin2Dimitrios N. Bikiaris3George Z. Papageorgiou4Luca Fambri5Andrea Dorigato6Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, ItalyLaboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, ItalyThis work presents the successful preparation and characterization of polylactide/poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA/PPF) and polylactide/poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA/PBF) blends in form of bulk and fiber samples and investigates the influence of poly(alkylene furanoate) (PAF) concentration (0 to 20 wt%) and compatibilization on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Both blend types, although immiscible, are successfully compatibilized by Joncryl (J), which improves the interfacial adhesion and reduces the size of PPF and PBF domains. Mechanical tests on bulk samples show that only PBF is able to effectively toughen PLA, as PLA/PBF blends with 5–10 wt% PBF showed a distinct yield point, remarkable necking propagation, and increased strain at break (up to 55%), while PPF did not show significant plasticizing effects. The toughening ability of PBF is attributed to its lower glass transition temperature and greater toughness than PPF. For fiber samples, increasing the PPF and PBF amount improves the elastic modulus and mechanical strength, particularly for PBF-containing fibers collected at higher take-up speeds. Remarkably, in fiber samples, plasticizing effects are observed for both PPF and PBF, with significantly higher strain at break values compared to neat PLA (up to 455%), likely due to a further microstructural homogenization, enhanced compatibility, and load transfer between PLA and PAF phases following the fiber spinning process. SEM analysis confirms the deformation of PPF domains, which is probably due to a “plastic–rubber” transition during tensile testing. The orientation and possible crystallization of PPF and PBF domains contribute to increased tensile strength and elastic modulus. This work showcases the potential of PPF and PBF in tailoring the thermo-mechanical properties of PLA in both bulk and fiber forms, expanding their applications in the packaging and textile industry.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/12/4811fiberspolylactidepoly(alkylene furanoate)sfuran polyestersblendscompatibilization |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Fredi Edoardo Zonta Alessandro Dussin Dimitrios N. Bikiaris George Z. Papageorgiou Luca Fambri Andrea Dorigato Toughening Effect of 2,5-Furandicaboxylate Polyesters on Polylactide-Based Renewable Fibers Molecules fibers polylactide poly(alkylene furanoate)s furan polyesters blends compatibilization |
| title | Toughening Effect of 2,5-Furandicaboxylate Polyesters on Polylactide-Based Renewable Fibers |
| title_full | Toughening Effect of 2,5-Furandicaboxylate Polyesters on Polylactide-Based Renewable Fibers |
| title_fullStr | Toughening Effect of 2,5-Furandicaboxylate Polyesters on Polylactide-Based Renewable Fibers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toughening Effect of 2,5-Furandicaboxylate Polyesters on Polylactide-Based Renewable Fibers |
| title_short | Toughening Effect of 2,5-Furandicaboxylate Polyesters on Polylactide-Based Renewable Fibers |
| title_sort | toughening effect of 2 5 furandicaboxylate polyesters on polylactide based renewable fibers |
| topic | fibers polylactide poly(alkylene furanoate)s furan polyesters blends compatibilization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/12/4811 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT giuliafredi tougheningeffectof25furandicaboxylatepolyestersonpolylactidebasedrenewablefibers AT edoardozonta tougheningeffectof25furandicaboxylatepolyestersonpolylactidebasedrenewablefibers AT alessandrodussin tougheningeffectof25furandicaboxylatepolyestersonpolylactidebasedrenewablefibers AT dimitriosnbikiaris tougheningeffectof25furandicaboxylatepolyestersonpolylactidebasedrenewablefibers AT georgezpapageorgiou tougheningeffectof25furandicaboxylatepolyestersonpolylactidebasedrenewablefibers AT lucafambri tougheningeffectof25furandicaboxylatepolyestersonpolylactidebasedrenewablefibers AT andreadorigato tougheningeffectof25furandicaboxylatepolyestersonpolylactidebasedrenewablefibers |