Assessment of Energy Budgeting and Its Indicator for Sustainable Nutrient and Weed Management in a Rice-Maize-Green Gram Cropping System
Sustainability and climate change are the two major challenges to the agricultural production system. The trade-off between them is essential for higher profitability. The energy assessment is essential for judging the sustainability and vulnerability of a production system. Besides, nutrient manage...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/1/166 |
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| author | Dibakar Ghosh Koushik Brahmachari Anupam Das Mohamed M. Hassan Pijush Kanti Mukherjee Sukamal Sarkar Nirmal Kumar Dinda Biswajit Pramanick Debojyoti Moulick Sagar Maitra Akbar Hossain |
| author_facet | Dibakar Ghosh Koushik Brahmachari Anupam Das Mohamed M. Hassan Pijush Kanti Mukherjee Sukamal Sarkar Nirmal Kumar Dinda Biswajit Pramanick Debojyoti Moulick Sagar Maitra Akbar Hossain |
| author_sort | Dibakar Ghosh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sustainability and climate change are the two major challenges to the agricultural production system. The trade-off between them is essential for higher profitability. The energy assessment is essential for judging the sustainability and vulnerability of a production system. Besides, nutrient management and weed management are equally imperative to sustainability. Thus, the present study was executed to assess the energy balance, key energy indicators and profitability of rice–maize–green gram system under different nutrient and weed management practices. Application of <i>Brassicaceous</i> seed meal (BSM) along with mineral fertilizer attributed the highest rice (5.62 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) and maize (6.48 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) yield which was 11.6%, 8.3% and 3.7% in maize and 10.0%, 6.2% and 8.7% in rice for the conjoint application with vermicompost, farmyard manure (FYM) and neem cake, respectively. Moreover, BSM recorded the highest net energy gain, energy use efficiency and energy efficiency ratio and the lowest specific energy in all the crops. Application of pre-emergence herbicides followed by hoeing was found to be best in all respects including yield, profitability, energy use efficiency, energy effectiveness, etc. The appropriate combination of integrated nutrient management with BSM and pre-emergence herbicide application followed by hoeing provided an additional advantage not only in terms of yield but also an efficient use of energy, profitability and environmental safety. BSM and neem cake could be the alternative organic manure in the integrated nutrient-cum-weed management module and they could be able to compensate the paucity of FYM and vermicompost in the country. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:35:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ffd5a88cdde4e37a542d7c4c8f925ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:35:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ffd5a88cdde4e37a542d7c4c8f925ff2023-12-03T13:30:24ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-01-0111116610.3390/agronomy11010166Assessment of Energy Budgeting and Its Indicator for Sustainable Nutrient and Weed Management in a Rice-Maize-Green Gram Cropping SystemDibakar Ghosh0Koushik Brahmachari1Anupam Das2Mohamed M. Hassan3Pijush Kanti Mukherjee4Sukamal Sarkar5Nirmal Kumar Dinda6Biswajit Pramanick7Debojyoti Moulick8Sagar Maitra9Akbar Hossain10ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, IndiaDepartment of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra KrishiViswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur 813210, Bihar, IndiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur 482004, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaOffice of the Assistant Director of Agriculture, Bhagawangola-II Block, Directorate of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, Murshidabad 742135, West Bengal, IndiaOffice of the Assistant Director of Agriculture, Suri II Block, Department of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, Purandapur, Birbhum 731129, West Bengal, IndiaDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, IndiaPlant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, IndiaDepartment of Agronomy and Agroforestry, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi 761211, IndiaBangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur 5200, BangladeshSustainability and climate change are the two major challenges to the agricultural production system. The trade-off between them is essential for higher profitability. The energy assessment is essential for judging the sustainability and vulnerability of a production system. Besides, nutrient management and weed management are equally imperative to sustainability. Thus, the present study was executed to assess the energy balance, key energy indicators and profitability of rice–maize–green gram system under different nutrient and weed management practices. Application of <i>Brassicaceous</i> seed meal (BSM) along with mineral fertilizer attributed the highest rice (5.62 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) and maize (6.48 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) yield which was 11.6%, 8.3% and 3.7% in maize and 10.0%, 6.2% and 8.7% in rice for the conjoint application with vermicompost, farmyard manure (FYM) and neem cake, respectively. Moreover, BSM recorded the highest net energy gain, energy use efficiency and energy efficiency ratio and the lowest specific energy in all the crops. Application of pre-emergence herbicides followed by hoeing was found to be best in all respects including yield, profitability, energy use efficiency, energy effectiveness, etc. The appropriate combination of integrated nutrient management with BSM and pre-emergence herbicide application followed by hoeing provided an additional advantage not only in terms of yield but also an efficient use of energy, profitability and environmental safety. BSM and neem cake could be the alternative organic manure in the integrated nutrient-cum-weed management module and they could be able to compensate the paucity of FYM and vermicompost in the country.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/1/166<i>Brassicaceous</i> seed mealenergyprofitabilityricemaizegreen gram |
| spellingShingle | Dibakar Ghosh Koushik Brahmachari Anupam Das Mohamed M. Hassan Pijush Kanti Mukherjee Sukamal Sarkar Nirmal Kumar Dinda Biswajit Pramanick Debojyoti Moulick Sagar Maitra Akbar Hossain Assessment of Energy Budgeting and Its Indicator for Sustainable Nutrient and Weed Management in a Rice-Maize-Green Gram Cropping System Agronomy <i>Brassicaceous</i> seed meal energy profitability rice maize green gram |
| title | Assessment of Energy Budgeting and Its Indicator for Sustainable Nutrient and Weed Management in a Rice-Maize-Green Gram Cropping System |
| title_full | Assessment of Energy Budgeting and Its Indicator for Sustainable Nutrient and Weed Management in a Rice-Maize-Green Gram Cropping System |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Energy Budgeting and Its Indicator for Sustainable Nutrient and Weed Management in a Rice-Maize-Green Gram Cropping System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Energy Budgeting and Its Indicator for Sustainable Nutrient and Weed Management in a Rice-Maize-Green Gram Cropping System |
| title_short | Assessment of Energy Budgeting and Its Indicator for Sustainable Nutrient and Weed Management in a Rice-Maize-Green Gram Cropping System |
| title_sort | assessment of energy budgeting and its indicator for sustainable nutrient and weed management in a rice maize green gram cropping system |
| topic | <i>Brassicaceous</i> seed meal energy profitability rice maize green gram |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/1/166 |
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