Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies, <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i>, of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Chinese Softshell Turtle (<i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>)
The Chinese softshell turtle (CST; <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) is a freshwater aquaculture species of substantial economic importance that is commercially farmed across Asia, particularly in Taiwan. Although diseases caused by the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group (Bcg) pose a maj...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9636 |
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| author | Li-Wu Cheng Omkar Vijay Byadgi Chin-En Tsai Pei-Chi Wang Shih-Chu Chen |
| author_facet | Li-Wu Cheng Omkar Vijay Byadgi Chin-En Tsai Pei-Chi Wang Shih-Chu Chen |
| author_sort | Li-Wu Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Chinese softshell turtle (CST; <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) is a freshwater aquaculture species of substantial economic importance that is commercially farmed across Asia, particularly in Taiwan. Although diseases caused by the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group (Bcg) pose a major threat to commercial CST farming systems, information regarding its pathogenicity and genome remains limited. Here, we investigated the pathogenicity of Bcg strains isolated in a previous study and performed whole-genome sequencing. Pathogenicity analysis indicated that QF108-045 isolated from CSTs caused the highest mortality rate, and whole-genome sequencing revealed that it was an independent group distinct from other known Bcg genospecies. The average nucleotide identity compared to other known Bcg genospecies was below 95%, suggesting that QF108-045 belongs to a new genospecies, which we named <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i>. Furthermore, genes annotation revealed the presence of anthrax toxins, such as edema factor and protective antigen, in QF108-045. Therefore, the biovar anthracis was assigned, and the full name of QF108-045 was <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i> biovar anthracis. In addition to possessing multiple drug-resistant genes, QF108-045 demonstrated resistance to various types of antibiotics, including penicillins (amoxicillin and ampicillin), cephalosporins (ceftifour, cephalexin, and cephazolin), and polypeptides, such as vancomycin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:04:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a00e397e1d464469a2573265a8d59bab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:04:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a00e397e1d464469a2573265a8d59bab2023-11-18T08:01:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-06-012411963610.3390/ijms24119636Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies, <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i>, of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Chinese Softshell Turtle (<i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>)Li-Wu Cheng0Omkar Vijay Byadgi1Chin-En Tsai2Pei-Chi Wang3Shih-Chu Chen4Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanInternational Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanThe Chinese softshell turtle (CST; <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) is a freshwater aquaculture species of substantial economic importance that is commercially farmed across Asia, particularly in Taiwan. Although diseases caused by the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group (Bcg) pose a major threat to commercial CST farming systems, information regarding its pathogenicity and genome remains limited. Here, we investigated the pathogenicity of Bcg strains isolated in a previous study and performed whole-genome sequencing. Pathogenicity analysis indicated that QF108-045 isolated from CSTs caused the highest mortality rate, and whole-genome sequencing revealed that it was an independent group distinct from other known Bcg genospecies. The average nucleotide identity compared to other known Bcg genospecies was below 95%, suggesting that QF108-045 belongs to a new genospecies, which we named <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i>. Furthermore, genes annotation revealed the presence of anthrax toxins, such as edema factor and protective antigen, in QF108-045. Therefore, the biovar anthracis was assigned, and the full name of QF108-045 was <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i> biovar anthracis. In addition to possessing multiple drug-resistant genes, QF108-045 demonstrated resistance to various types of antibiotics, including penicillins (amoxicillin and ampicillin), cephalosporins (ceftifour, cephalexin, and cephazolin), and polypeptides, such as vancomycin.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9636<i>Bacillus cereus</i> group<i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i><i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Li-Wu Cheng Omkar Vijay Byadgi Chin-En Tsai Pei-Chi Wang Shih-Chu Chen Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies, <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i>, of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Chinese Softshell Turtle (<i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i> <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i> |
| title | Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies, <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i>, of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Chinese Softshell Turtle (<i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) |
| title_full | Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies, <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i>, of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Chinese Softshell Turtle (<i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies, <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i>, of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Chinese Softshell Turtle (<i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies, <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i>, of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Chinese Softshell Turtle (<i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) |
| title_short | Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies, <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i>, of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Chinese Softshell Turtle (<i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) |
| title_sort | pathogenicity and genomic characterization of a novel genospecies i bacillus shihchuchen i of the i bacillus cereus i group isolated from chinese softshell turtle i pelodiscus sinensis i |
| topic | <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group <i>Bacillus shihchuchen</i> <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9636 |
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