A Comparative Study of Chest CT With Lung Ultrasound After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Assessment of Pulmonary Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta)
Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a fast and non-invasive modality for the diagnosis of several diseases. In humans, LUS is nowadays of additional value for bedside screening of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. However, the diagnostic value of LUS in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus monkeys, with mild-to...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.748635/full |
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| author | Chrispijn M. Schilp Lisette Meijer Martina Stocker Jan A. M. Langermans Jan A. M. Langermans Jaco Bakker Marieke A. Stammes |
| author_facet | Chrispijn M. Schilp Lisette Meijer Martina Stocker Jan A. M. Langermans Jan A. M. Langermans Jaco Bakker Marieke A. Stammes |
| author_sort | Chrispijn M. Schilp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a fast and non-invasive modality for the diagnosis of several diseases. In humans, LUS is nowadays of additional value for bedside screening of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. However, the diagnostic value of LUS in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus monkeys, with mild-to-moderate disease, is unknown. The aim of this observational study was to explore correlations of the LUS appearance of abnormalities with COVID-19-related lesions detected on computed tomography (CT). There were 28 adult female rhesus monkeys infected with SARS-CoV-2 included in this study. Chest CT and LUS were obtained pre-infection and 2-, 7-, and 14-days post infection. Twenty-five animals were sub-genomic PCR positive in their nose/throat swab for at least 1 day. CT images were scored based on the degree of involvement for lung lobe. LUS was scored based on the aeration and abnormalities for each part of the lungs, blinded to CT findings. Most common lesions observed on CT were ground glass opacities (GGOs) and crazy paving patterns. With LUS, confluent or multiple B-lines with or without pleural abnormalities were observed which is corresponding with GGOs on CT. The agreement between the two modalities was similar over the examination days. Pleural line abnormalities were clearly observed with LUS, but could be easily missed on CT. Nevertheless, due to the air interface LUS was not able to examine the complete volume of the lung. The sensitivity of LUS was high though the diagnostic efficacy for mild-to-moderate disease, as seen in macaques, was relatively low. This leaves CT the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis, monitoring, and longitudinal assessment of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T12:42:44Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T12:42:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-a00eeb5867a54a7a8679944ec37ccf512022-12-21T21:47:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692021-10-01810.3389/fvets.2021.748635748635A Comparative Study of Chest CT With Lung Ultrasound After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Assessment of Pulmonary Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta)Chrispijn M. Schilp0Lisette Meijer1Martina Stocker2Jan A. M. Langermans3Jan A. M. Langermans4Jaco Bakker5Marieke A. Stammes6Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, NetherlandsBiomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, NetherlandsBiomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, NetherlandsBiomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, NetherlandsDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsBiomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, NetherlandsBiomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, NetherlandsLung ultrasound (LUS) is a fast and non-invasive modality for the diagnosis of several diseases. In humans, LUS is nowadays of additional value for bedside screening of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. However, the diagnostic value of LUS in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus monkeys, with mild-to-moderate disease, is unknown. The aim of this observational study was to explore correlations of the LUS appearance of abnormalities with COVID-19-related lesions detected on computed tomography (CT). There were 28 adult female rhesus monkeys infected with SARS-CoV-2 included in this study. Chest CT and LUS were obtained pre-infection and 2-, 7-, and 14-days post infection. Twenty-five animals were sub-genomic PCR positive in their nose/throat swab for at least 1 day. CT images were scored based on the degree of involvement for lung lobe. LUS was scored based on the aeration and abnormalities for each part of the lungs, blinded to CT findings. Most common lesions observed on CT were ground glass opacities (GGOs) and crazy paving patterns. With LUS, confluent or multiple B-lines with or without pleural abnormalities were observed which is corresponding with GGOs on CT. The agreement between the two modalities was similar over the examination days. Pleural line abnormalities were clearly observed with LUS, but could be easily missed on CT. Nevertheless, due to the air interface LUS was not able to examine the complete volume of the lung. The sensitivity of LUS was high though the diagnostic efficacy for mild-to-moderate disease, as seen in macaques, was relatively low. This leaves CT the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis, monitoring, and longitudinal assessment of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.748635/fullUltrasoundcomputed tomographySARS-CoV-2COVID-19non-human primate (NHP) |
| spellingShingle | Chrispijn M. Schilp Lisette Meijer Martina Stocker Jan A. M. Langermans Jan A. M. Langermans Jaco Bakker Marieke A. Stammes A Comparative Study of Chest CT With Lung Ultrasound After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Assessment of Pulmonary Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) Frontiers in Veterinary Science Ultrasound computed tomography SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 non-human primate (NHP) |
| title | A Comparative Study of Chest CT With Lung Ultrasound After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Assessment of Pulmonary Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) |
| title_full | A Comparative Study of Chest CT With Lung Ultrasound After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Assessment of Pulmonary Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) |
| title_fullStr | A Comparative Study of Chest CT With Lung Ultrasound After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Assessment of Pulmonary Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative Study of Chest CT With Lung Ultrasound After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Assessment of Pulmonary Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) |
| title_short | A Comparative Study of Chest CT With Lung Ultrasound After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Assessment of Pulmonary Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) |
| title_sort | comparative study of chest ct with lung ultrasound after sars cov 2 infection in the assessment of pulmonary lesions in rhesus monkeys macaca mulatta |
| topic | Ultrasound computed tomography SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 non-human primate (NHP) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.748635/full |
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